中小微企业是国家双创战略的主体,是社会创新的中坚力量,中小微企业的健康发展是实现"创新驱动、转型发展"国家战略的重要保障。针对中小微企业创新创业初期缺少针对整个创新创业过程、对资源和环境要素的理解,本文以丹麦中小微企业的创新创业全过程为例,概括了中小微企业的创新创业过程模型。该模型可用于创新创业教育和帮助创业者了解创新创业全过程。
Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main body in the national dual-creation strategy, as the backbone of the social innovation. The healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises plays a key role in following the "Innovation driven development strategy" of China. In fact, in the start-up stage, most of small and medium-sized enterprises lack a clear understanding of the whole innovation and entrepreneurship process, and also lack an understanding of the dependence of the resources and the environment factors on their innovation and entrepreneurship. To solve these problem, this paper reviews the whole process of the innovation and entrepreneurship of Danish Small and medium-sized enterprises, and outlines our understanding on the innovation. Furthermore, a process model is presented, to be used to educate students with a global view on innovation and entrepreneurship of a small and medium-sized enterprises.
[1] Zeng Y. Environment-based design (EBD):A methodology for transdisciplinary design. transactions of the SDPS[J]. Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science, 2015, 19(1):5-20.
[2] Liu A, Lu SC Y. A crowdsourcing design framework for concept generation[J]. CIRP Annals:Manufacturing Technology, 2016, 65:177-180.
[3] Liu A, Lu S, Zhang Z, et al. Function recommender system for product planning and design[J]. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 2017, 66:181-184.
[4] 胡洁, 马进, 戚进, 等. 生物激励的知识建模与创新类推方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(15):21-31.
[5] Gero J S. Design prototypes:A knowledge representation schema for design[J]. AI Magazine, 1990, 11(4):26-36.
[6] Chen Y, Zhang Z, Huang J, et al. Toward a scientific ontology-based concept of function[J]. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design, Analysis, and Manufacturing, 2013, 27(3):241-248.
[7] Tomiyama T, Gul P, Jin Y, et al. Design methodologies:Industrial and educational applications[J]. Cirp Annals-manufacturing Technology, 2009, 58(2):543-565.
[8] Würmseher M. To each his own:Matching different entrepreneurial models to the academic scientist's individual needs[J]. Technovation, 2017, 59:1-17.
[9] 刘钒, 钟书华. 国内创新型小微企业研究评述[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2013, 30(15):156-160.
[10] Innovation Union Scoreboard. State of innovation union report, innovation union, Europe 2020[R]. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/facts-figures-analysis/innovation-scoreboard/index_en.htm.
[11] 李琛. 丹麦对企业持续技术创新的政策引导及启示[J]. 当代经济, 2014, (6):50-51.
[12] 饶凯, 孟宪飞, Andrea Piccaluga, 等. 丹麦公共研发机构专利技术转移研究[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2011, 28(8):47-51.
[13] 杨燕, 尹守军, Myrdal C G. 企业生态创新动态过程研究:以丹麦格兰富为例[J]. 研究与发展管理, 2013, 25(1):44-53.
[14] Ahmed-Kristensen S, Vianello G. A model for reusing service knowledge based on an empirical case[J]. Research in Engineering Design, 2015, 26:57-76。
[15] 约瑟夫·熊彼特. 经济发展理论[M]. 北京:商务印书馆, 1990.
[16] Acarix A/S. http://www.acarix.com.