实验动物管理和使用委员会（实验动物伦理委员会或动物福利机构）是单位内部的实验动物福利监督机构。它是应实际需而产生的，而后又在立法的高度确立了其在实验动物管理和使用中的必须性和所扮演的重要角色。本文介绍了美国、欧洲/欧盟、中国的实验动物管理和使用委员会的历史沿革和现状，阐述了其产生和发展与相关法律法规的关联。
The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), or the Ethic Committee (EC), or the Animal Welfare Body (ARB), is a self-regulating oversight body for animal care and use programs, and it is established to meet the needs of animal research communities and to comply with regulatory requirements. Its authority, responsibilities, and unique importance in the animal care and use, are originated from and re-assured by relevant legislation and regulations. The origins and the current status of the IACUC in China, Europe and USA are reviewed in this paper. The correlation between the IACUC and the regulations, and a comparison between China and western countries, are shown. The future trends in China are briefly discussed.
[1] Silverman J, Suckow M A, Murthy S. The IACUC handbook[M] 3rd ed. Florida:CRC Press, 2014:1-9, 751-766.
[2] 实验动物管理条例[A/OL]. (1988-11-14)[2017-06-30]. http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2011/content_1860757.htm. Regulations for the administration of laboratory animals[A/OL]. (1988-11-14)[2017-06-30]. http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2011/content_1860757.htm.
[3] 北京市实验动物福利伦理审查指南[A/OL]. (2009-02-11)[2017-06-30]. http://www.nicpbp.org.cn/sydw/CL0251/1377.html. Guidelines for ethical review of laboratory animal welfare in Beijing[A/OL]. (2009-02-11)[2017-06-30]. http://www.nicpbp.org.cn/sydw/CL0251/1377.html.
[4] 关于善待实验动物的指导性意见[A/OL].[2017-06-30]. http://www.most.gov.cn/fggw/zfwj/zfwj2006/200609/t20060930_54389.htm. Instructive opinions on treating laboratory animals kindly[A/OL].[2017-06-30]. http://www.most.gov.cn/fggw/zfwj/zfwj2006/200609/t20060930_54389.htm.
[5] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 27416-2014实验动物机构质量和能力的通用要求[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2014. State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China, China National Standardization Adminis-tration. Laboratory animal institutions-General requirements for quali-ty and competence[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press, 2014.
[6] 《实验动物福利伦理审查指南》征求意见稿[EB/OL]. (2016-02-06)[2017-06-30]. http://chinese.calas.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=20&id=588. Draft guidelines for the ethical review of laboratory animal welfare[EB/OL]. (2016-02-06)[2017-06-30]. http://chinese.calas.org.cn/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=20&id=588.
[7] Marky P. Institutional animal care and use committee guidebook[M]. 2nd ed. Washington DC:Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, 2002:1-83.
[8] Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Labora-tory Animals. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals[M]. Washington DC:National Academies Press, 2011:13-15, 24-33.
[9] 实验动物质量管理办法[A/OL]. (1997-12-11)[2015-12-07]. http://www.law-lib.com/law/law_view.asp?id=105243. Measures for quality control of laboratory animals[A/OL]. (1997-12-11)[2015-12-07]. http://www.law-lib.com/law/law_view.asp?id=105243.
[10] 药物非临床研究质量管理规范[A/OL]. (2003-06-04)[2015-12-07]. http://www.sda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0053/24472.html. Specification for quality control of non clinical research on drugs[A/OL]. (2003-06-04)[2015-12-07]. http://www.sda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0053/24472.html.
[11] 中华人民共和国动物防疫法[A/OL]. (2007-08-30)[2015-12-07]. http://www.gov.cn/ziliao/flfg/2007-08/31/content_732590.htm. Animal epidemic prevention law of the People's Republic of China[A/OL]. (2007-08-30)[2015-12-07]. http://www.gov.cn/ziliao/flfg/2007-08/31/content_732590.htm.
[12] Olfert E D, Mcwilliam A A, Olfert E D, et al. Guide to the care and use of experimental animals[J]. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 1993, 26(1):49.
