随着城市化进程的加快和水污染问题的增多，水资源短缺问题进一步突出，提高水资源利用效率是缓解供水矛盾的有效途径。本研究选取2014年113个环境保护重点城市供水总量、从业人数、固定资产投资、化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮排放量及地区生产总值数据，采用基于决策单元规模收益可变的数据包络分析（DEA）方法，评价113个城市的水资源利用综合效率、技术效率和规模效率，并分析效率的空间分布。结果显示，113个城市的水资源利用效率总体水平较高，但仍有一定进步空间，同时水资源利用效率空间差异显著。中国东部城市综合效率普遍偏高，东北城市和中部城市综合效率次之，西部城市综合效率偏低且效率分布两极化。
Along with the accelerating process of the urbanization and the growing population, the urban water supply becomes more and more a serious issue in China. Improving the water use efficiency is an effective way to alleviate the water supply problem. This paper analyzes the data of the total amount of water supply, the number of employees, the fixed-asset investment, the COD and ammonia emissions and the regional GDP of 113 key environmental protection cities in 2014, to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency, the technical efficiency and the scale efficiency of water utilization of the 113 cities, and to obtain the spatial distribution of the efficiency. It is shown that the overall water resource utilization efficiency of the 113 cities is relatively high, but there is still room for improvement. The spatial difference of the water use efficiency is significant. The comprehensive efficiency of the eastern cities is generally high, followed by the northeastern cities and the central cities. The efficiency of the western cities is low, which shows the polarization of the efficiency distribution.
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