研究论文

环境管理生命周期评价技术的基本范畴及其适用局限性浅析

  • 曹烨 ,
  • 邹振东 ,
  • 邱国玉
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  • 北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院;深圳市太阳能与风能海水淡化关键技术工程实验室, 深圳 518055
曹烨,高级工程师,研究方向为环境与能源信息工程,电子信箱:cykaiyang@163.com

收稿日期: 2017-05-25

  修回日期: 2017-10-28

  网络出版日期: 2018-04-27

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(30972421);深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20170818090224745,JSGG20150813172407669,JCYJ20140417144423187,JCYJ20150331100418474)

Life cycle assessment and environmental management:Methodology, limitations, and technical progress

  • CAO Ye ,
  • ZOU Zhendong ,
  • QIU Guoyu
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  • Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Water Desalination with Renewable Energy;Shenzhen Gradate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China

Received date: 2017-05-25

  Revised date: 2017-10-28

  Online published: 2018-04-27

摘要

生命周期评价法(LCA)在国际上广泛应用于工业企业部门、政府管理部门和服务行业,但其最突出的贡献是在环境管理方面的应用。LCA的技术框架分为确定目的与范围、生命周期清单分析、生命周期影响评价(LCIA)和结果解释4个部分,其方法可归纳为中点法和终点法。LCA存在数据获取、清单分配、边界选择、评价模型、时空限制以及结果不确定性等方面的局限性。为适应环境管理和评价技术本生的要求,LCA评价技术朝系统化方向发展。从不同侧面拓展了LCA的应用领域和回避LCA评价的局限性,使得LCA逐渐成为环境管理不可或缺的工具。

本文引用格式

曹烨 , 邹振东 , 邱国玉 . 环境管理生命周期评价技术的基本范畴及其适用局限性浅析[J]. 科技导报, 2018 , 36(8) : 79 -86 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.08.009

Abstract

Life cycle assessment (LCA) method has been widely used in many fields since its birth, but the most prominent contribution is its application to environmental management. The technical framework of LCA can be divided into four parts:target and scope, list analysis, impact assessment (LCIA) and result interpretation. The methods of LCIA can be summed up as midpoint method and end point method. LCA has limitations in such as data acquisition, inventory allocation, boundary selection, evaluation models, temporal and spatial constraints, and uncertainty of results. In order to adapt to the requirements of environmental management and evaluation technology, LCA evaluation technology is being developed towards a systematic direction. LCA has so far expanded its application field and avoided its limitation in evaluation, which makes it become an indispensable tool for environmental management.

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