航天运输系统的技术水平代表一个国家自主进出空间的能力，体现一个国家利用空间和发展空间技术的能力，维护国家的空间安全和空间利益，也是综合国力的象征。重复使用航天运输系统是降低航天运输成本、提高安全可靠性、缩短转场准备时间的理想运输工具，是未来中国航天运输系统的重要组成部分。航天运输系统从一次性使用向重复使用发展是技术发展的必然趋势，发展技术性能更先进、能重复使用的航天运输系统对于满足中国未来空间开发和降低发射成本等需求具有重要的意义。本文梳理了国外重复使用航天运输系统的发展情况，围绕传统运载火箭构型重复使用、升力式火箭动力重复使用运载器和组合动力重复使用运载器3种技术途径，分析了中国重复使用技术发展思路和路线。
The level of the space transportation technologies is closely related with the ability of accessing the space, utilizing the space, and ensuring security and protecting interests in the space. It symbolizes the comprehensive national strength. The reusable space transportation system is an ideal mean to reduce the space launch costs, to improve reliability and safety, and to shorten the turn-around time, as an important component of the future space transportation system. It is an inevitable tendency that the future space transportation system will turn from expendable to reusable. Developing an advanced and reusable space transportation system is of great significance for meeting the needs for the future space exploration and the low cost launch. This paper reviews the development trend of the reusable space transportation technologies. The development route of the future reusable space transportation in China is also discussed from three aspects, including the traditional launch vehicle configuration, the rocket-powered lifting-body configuration and the combined propulsion configuration.
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