The regional economy development is restricted by the supply of high-quality water resource. As an important source of drinking water and fresh water reserve for people's livelihood in the Dongting Lake Basin, the water quality of Dongting Lake directly affects people's health. To grasp the drinking water security situation in the Dongting Lake Basin, we take the advantage of monitoring data such as runoff, level and quality of Dongting Lake water both into and out of the lake, and use comparative analysis, mathematical statistics and water quality evaluation model, as well as other analytical methods to study the current situation of drinking water safety and the impact of the operation of the Three Gorges Project on drinking water safety in the Basin in terms of water quantity and quality. Aiming at the problems existing in drinking water safety, we discuss the reasons for the safety of drinking water in the Basin. We show that the surface water and groundwater in Dongting Lake are seriously polluted and that there are some problems such as excessive heavy metal and threat of drinking water for people and animals. Especially after the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the water into the lake of the Three Outlets of Jingjiang River drops sharply, and the total diversion of Three Outlets has decreased to 475×108m3/a, a reduction of 52%; continuous lowrainfall in the Basin also exacerbates the drought situation, with precipitation dropping by 52% over the same period of the previous year. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and measures to ensure the safety of drinking water in the Basin. First, allocation of water resources should be optimized and the protection of water resources should be strengthened so that the combination of water abstraction and pollution control can be strengthened. Then, the construction of drinking water projects should be increased in the Basin and the management of drinking water safety should be improved. Last but not the least, a basis for solving drinking water safety problem in the Basin is urgent, which may play an active role in ensuring the harmonious and stable development of the ecological economic zone of Dongting Lake.
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