综述

国外典型河流生态流量管理实践及启示

  • 陈昂 ,
  • 薛耀东 ,
  • 魏娜 ,
  • 李慧
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  • 1. 中国水利水电科学研究院水电可持续发展研究中心, 北京 100038;
    2. 西安理工大学水利水电学院, 西安 710048;
    3. 水利部水利水电规划设计总院, 北京 100120
陈昂,高级工程师,研究方向为生态水文学、环境影响评价,电子信箱:angteenchen@gmail.com

收稿日期: 2018-01-17

  修回日期: 2018-07-19

  网络出版日期: 2018-11-27

基金资助

“政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项(2016YFE0102400);中国长江三峡集团公司资助项目(0799564)

Global ecological flow implementations and implications

  • CHEN Ang ,
  • XUE Yaodong ,
  • WEI Na ,
  • LI Hui
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  • 1. Research Center for Sustainable Hydropower Development, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;
    2. Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China;
    3. Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, MWR, Beijing 100120, China

Received date: 2018-01-17

  Revised date: 2018-07-19

  Online published: 2018-11-27

摘要

生态流量是河流开发与生态环境保护协调发展的关键指标和难点问题。目前,河流生态流量理论方法体系尚不完善,不足以全面指导生态流量管理实践,导致部分河流、河段的生态系统服务功能退化。虽然生态流量的理论体系和计算方法已开展了较多研究,中国学者对国外生态调度也做了回顾和梳理,但是对生态流量的管理目标仍未形成统一认识。通过梳理国外7条典型河流的生态流量管理实践,从珍稀濒危洄游性鱼类、国际重要湿地、珍稀濒危鸟类等多种生态保护目标,以及流域综合管理机制、水权交易、国际投资等政策管理的多个方面,分析了不同河流的生态流量实施过程和效果,归纳总结了7条典型河流生态流量管理实践的成功经验和不足,进而提出了对政府、管理部门、研究机构、水电企业和非政府组织等多个利益相关方在生态流量研究与管理方面的启示。

本文引用格式

陈昂 , 薛耀东 , 魏娜 , 李慧 . 国外典型河流生态流量管理实践及启示[J]. 科技导报, 2018 , 36(21) : 116 -126 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.21.015

Abstract

As one of the key indicators in the river protection, the ecological flow is very difficult to manage in the coordinated development of economy, society and environment in a basin. With the fundamental theory and methods of the ecological flow assessment remaining to be established in China, we face with many problems in managing the ecological flow due to the lack of the guidance of an adequate theory, accompanied, therefore, with the degradations of some river ecosystem services. The studies of theory and methods so far have not resulted in an adequate ecological flow assessment. This paper reviews the ecological flow managements of seven rivers in the world as examples. The results of the managements are analyzed from the aspects of rare and endangered migratory fish species, wetlands of international importance (Ramsar wetlands), and rare and endangered avifauna, as well as from the aspects of integrated watershed management, water right transaction and international investment. From the analyses of their problems and successes in the managements, some lessons may be drawn for relevant authorities (i.e. government, management authorities, institutions, enterprises and NGOs).

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