天文学是一门以观测为基础的学科，其发展主要依靠观测和数据的支持。基于SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System天文物理学数据系统中高被引文章并结合热点新闻报道，回顾了2018年天文学热点的进展和发现，以观测和基础研究、仪器研制及工具开发两大方面论述了2018年天文学研究热点。
Astronomy is a science based on observation, whose development relies on observation and data analysis. The top astronomy events in 2018 are divided into basic research and development of instruments and tools. The top events are selected by referring to the high citation papers in SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and hot news.
[1] Gaia Collaboration. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties[J/OL]. (2018-05-29)[2018-12-21] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324769060_Gaia_Data_Release_2_Summary_of_the_contents_and_survey_properties.
[2] Bailer-Jones C A L, Rybizki J, Fouesneau M, et al. Estimating distance from parallaxes. IV. Distances to 1.33 billion stars in gaia data release 2[J]. Astronomical Journal, 2018, 156(2):58.
[3] Helmi A, Babusiaux C, Koppelman H H, et al. The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way's inner stellar halo and thick disk[J]. Nature, 2018, 563(7729):85-88.
[4] Bailer-Jones C A L, Farnocchia D, Meech K J, et al. Plausible home stars of the interstellar object' Oumuamua found in Gaia DR2[J]. Astronomical Journal, 2018, 156(5):205.
[5] Scholz R D, Meusinger H, Schwope A, et al. Spectroscopic classification and Gaia DR2 parallaxes of new nearby white dwarfs among selected blue proper motion stars[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2018(619):A31.
[6] Joyce S R G, Barstow M A, Casewell S L, et al. Testing the white dwarf mass-radius relation and comparing optical and far-UV spectroscopic results with Gaia DR2, HST, and FUSE[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2018, 479(2):1612.
[7] Bianchini P, van der Marel R P, del Pino A, et al. The internal rotation of globular clusters revealed by Gaia DR2[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2018, 481(2):2125.
[8] Baumgardt H, Hilker M, Sollima A, et al. Mean proper motions, space orbits, and velocity dispersion profiles of Galactic globular clusters derived from Gaia DR2 data[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019, 482(4):5138.
[9] Marchetti T, Rossi E M, Brown A G A. Gaia DR2 in 6D:Searching for the fastest stars in the Galaxy[J]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2018, Advance Access.
[10] Jennings R J, Kaplan D L, Chatterjee S, et al. Binary Pulsar Distances and Velocities from Gaia Data Release 2[J]. Astrophysical Journal, 2018, 864(1):26.
[11] The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration. GWTC-1:A gravitational-wave transient catalog of compact binary mergers observed by LIGO and Virgo during the first and second observing runs[J/OL]. (2018-11-30)[2018-12-21]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.12907.
[12] Mooley K P, Nakar E, Hotokezaka K, et al. A mildly relativistic wide-angle outflow in the neutron-star merger event GW170817[J]. Nature, 2018, doi:10.1038/nature25452.
[13] Abbott B P, Abbott R, Abbott T D, et al. Gw170817:Measurements of neutron star radii and equation of state[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2018, 121(16):161101.
[14] Radice D, Perego A, Zappa F, et al. GW170817:Joint constraint on the neutron star equation of state from multimessenger observations[J]. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2018, 852(2):L29.
[15] Boran S, Desai S, Kahya E O, et al. GW170817 falsifies dark matter emulators[J]. Physical Review D, 2018, 97(4):041501.
[16] IceCube Collaboration. Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A[J]. Science, 2018, 361(6398):1378.
[17] Ellis J, Mavromatos N E, Sakharov A S, et al. Limits on Neutrino Lorentz Violation from multimessenger observations of TXS 0506+056[J/OL]. (2018-07-13)[2018-12-21]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.05155.
[18] Chen X L, Miralda E, Jordi. The spin-kinetic temperature coupling and the heating rate due to lyα scattering before reionization:Predictions for 21 centimeter emission and absorption[J]. Astrophysical Journal, 2004, 602(1):1-11.
[19] Bowman J D, Rogers A E E, Monsalve R A, et al. An absorption profile centred at 78 megahertz in the sky-averaged spectrum[J]. Nature, 2018, doi:10.1038/nature25792.
[20] Abbott T M C, Abdalla F B, Allam S, et al. The dark energy survey:Data release 1[J]. Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2018, 239(2):18.
[21] Li W, Wang X, Vinkó J. et al. Photometric and spectroscopic properties of type ia supernova 2018oh with early excess emission from the Kepler 2 observations[J/OL]. (2018-11-25)[2018-12-21]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.10056.
[22] Dimitriadis G, Foley R J, Rest A, et al. K2 observations of SN 2018oh reveal a two-component rising light curve for a type ia supernova[J/OL]. (2018-11-25)[2018-12-21]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.10061.
[23] What's going on with comet Wirtanen[EB/OL].[2018-12-20]. http://wirtanen.astro.umd.edu/46P/46P_status.shtml.
[24] SPHERE image of the newborn planet PDS 70b[EB/OL].[2018-12-20]. https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1821a/.
[25] Keppler M, Benisty M, Müller A, et al. Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70[J]. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2018, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832957.
[26] NASA. Parker Solar Probe reports first telemetry, acquisition of science data since perihelion[EB/OL]. (2018-11-20)[2018-12-20]. https://blogs.nasa.gov/parkersolarprobe/2018/11/20/parker-solar-probe-reports-first-telemetry-acquisition-of-science-data-since-perihelion/.
[27] NASA. NASA insight lander arrives on masrtian surface[EB/OL]. (2018-11-26)[2018-12-20]. https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8392/nasa-insight-lander-arrives-on-martian-surface/.
[28] 我国探月工程嫦娥四号探测器成功发射开启人类首次月球背面软着陆探测之旅[EB/OL]. (2018-12-09)[2018-12-20]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/2018-12/09/c_1123827121.htm.
[29] ESA BepiColombo overview[EB/OL]. (2018-02-20)[2018-12-20]. http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/BepiColombo_overview2.
[30] Simnikiwe Mzekandaba. SA debuts MeerKAT radio telescope[EB/OL]. (2018-07-13)[2018-12-20]. https://www.itweb.co.za/content/KWEBb7yaxRG7mRjO.
[31] The Astropy Collaboration. The astropy project:Building an open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package[J]. Astronomical Journal, 2018, 156(3):123.
[32] The Event Horizon Telescope is an international collaboration aiming to capture the first image of a black hole by creating a virtual Earth-sized telescope[EB/OL].[2018-12-20]. https://eventhorizontelescope.org/.
