2018年，医用机器人研发领域呈现出宽领域、多层次发展趋势，手术机器人应用范围和产业规模持续扩大，康复机器人产品类型日趋多样化和层次化，护理机器人受到越来越多的关注。人工智能和大数据技术显著提升了医用机器人的决策智能化和操作安全化程度。多学科技术融合态势得到进一步强化，医疗环境下的人、机器人与环境之间的协作关系更为融洽。医用机器人已经成为高端医疗器械产业的代表性子领域。
In 2018, medical robots made consistent progress at various clinical fields from researches to applications. Surgical robot application fields and the industry were consistently expanded. More and more prototypes of rehabilitation robots emerged and entered into clinical trials. Key technologies for nursing robots received much attention. Introduction of artificial intelligence and big data technologies into medical robots improved the intelligent medical decision-making and the safety of robot motion. Collaboration among surgeon, robot and environment in medical procedure was dramatically improved. Medical robot has been regarded as one of representative sub-field in the advanced medical device industry.
[1] Georgilas I, Dagnino G, Tarassoli P, et al. Robot-assisted fracture surgery:Surgical requirements and system design[J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2018, 46(10):1637-1649.
[2] Leprince-Ringuet G. Meet Versius, the surgical robot about to take aim at your organs[EB/OL].[2018-09-04] [2019-01-05]. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/surgical-robot-uk-versius.
[3] 徐凯, 刘欢. 多杆连续体机构:构型与应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(13):25-33. Xu Kai, Liu Huan. Multi-backbone continuum mechanisms:Forms and applications[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(13):25-33.
[4] Lim S, Jun C, Chang D, et al. Robotic transrectal ultrasoundguided prostate biopsy[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2019, doi:10.1109/TBME.2019.2891240.
[5] Dai Y, Xue Y, Zhang J X. Bioinspired integration of auditory and haptic perception in bone milling surgery[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2018, 23(2):614-623.
[6] Zhang D D, Xiao B, Huang B R, et al. A self-adaptive motion scaling framework for surgical robot remote control[J]. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2019, 4(2):359-366.
[7] Nakawala H, Bianchi R, Pescatori L E, et al. "Deep-Onto" network for surgical workflow and context recognition[J]. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2018, doi:10.1007/s11548-018-1882-8.
[8] Maier-Hein L, Eisenmann M, Feldmann C, et al. Surgical data science:A consensus perspective[J]. arXiv:1806.03184v1, 2018.
[9] Stephens-Fripp B, Alici G, Mutlu R. A review of non-invasive sensory feedback methods for transradial prosthetic hands[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6:6878-6899.
[10] Rose C G, O'Malley M K. Hybrid rigid-soft hand exoskeleton to assist functional dexterity[J]. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2019, 4(1):73-80.
[11] Lessard S, Pansodtee P, Robbins A, et al. A soft exosuit for flexible upper-extremity rehabilitation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2018, 26(8):1604-1617.
[12] Park J H, Stegall P R, Roye D P. Robotic spine exoskeleton (RoSE):Characterizing the 3-D stiffness of the human torso in the treatment of spine deformity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2018, 26(5):1026-1035.
[13] Borenstein J, Wagner A R, Howard A. Overtrust of pediatric health-care robots:A preliminary survey of parent perspectives[J]. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 2018, 25(1):46-54.
[14] 许东方, 冯仰刚, 麦金耿, 等. 面向速度适应的动力小腿假肢蹬地时刻在线识别[J]. 中国科学(技术科学), 2018, 46(12):1321-1330. Xu Dongfang, Feng Yangyang, Mai Jingeng, et al. On-line recognition of push-off for powered transtibial prosthesis towards speed adaptation[J]. Scientia Sinica Technologica, 2018, 46(12):1321-1330.
[15] Kucukyilmaz A, Demiris Y. Learning shared control by demonstration for personalized wheelchair assistance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Haptics, 2018, 11(3):431-442.
[16] Hassan M, Kadone H, Ueno T, et al. Feasibility of synergybased exoskeleton robot control in hemiplegia[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2018, 26(6):1233-1242.
[17] Martinez A, Lawson B, Durrough C, et al. A velocity-fieldbased controller for assisting leg movement during walking with a bilateral hip and knee lower limb exoskeleton[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 2019, doi:10.1109/TRO.2018.288-3819.
[18] 何瑛, 李伦. 机器人在护理领域中的应用进展[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2018, 53(9):1140-1143. He Ying, Li Lun. Research progress on application of robots in nursing[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2018, 53(9):1140-1143.
[19] Bruno B, Menicatti R, Recchiuto C T, et al. Culturally-competent human-robot verbal interaction[C]//Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR). Piscataway:IEEE, 2018:388-395.
[20] Wilson G, Pereyda C, Raghunath N, et al. Robot-enabled support of daily activities in smart home environments[J]. Cognitive Systems Research, 2019, 54:258-272.
[21] Fraunhofer IPA. Two new robots for the nursing sector[EB/OL]. (2018-10-30)[2019-01-05]. https://robohub.org/twonew-robots-for-the-nursing-sector.
[22] 吴玺宏. 浅谈智能护理机器人的伦理问题[J]. 科学与社会, 2018, 39(1):25-39. Wu Xihong. Ethical challenges in servicing elderly people with intelligent caring robots[J]. Science and Society, 2018, 39(1):25-39.
[23] Fosch-Villaronga E, Felzmann H, Ramos-Montero M. Cloud services for robotic nurses? Assessing legal and ethical issues in the use of cloud services for healthcare robots[C]//Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). Piscataway:IEEE, 2018:290-296.
