科技减灾是科技强国的重要组成部分。通过数据调研、案例分析，全面展现了中国科技减灾的现实情况；利用管理机制设计理论，提出了中国科技减灾基础建设、支撑资源、制度保障的发展路径。数据调研显示，中国防灾减灾科技发展迅猛，对科技减灾的科研力度逐年增大。专业应急产品、医疗卫生产品、户外防护产品是最常见的科技减灾产品类别。除了将科技产品大量投放到防灾减灾实践中外，科学测度突发事件风险与应急管理能力是科技减灾有别于传统减灾的重要内容。风险认知、预警系统、能力评价、减缓技术的建设和完善是中国科技减灾的基础。环境资源、能源资源、经济资源、权力资源、智力资源是科技减灾的支撑资源。健全法律法规体系、建立科技支撑平台、提升科研机构整体水平，能够保障中国科技减灾在科技强国事业中发挥引领作用。
By means of data and cases, this study comprehensively shows the development and application of science and technology in disaster reduction of China and brings up the strategies to strengthen public safety through mechanism design. Science and technology of disaster prevention and reduction in China are developing rapidly, with professional emergency products, medical products and outdoor protection products being the most common categories for disaster reduction. Meanwhile, risk analysis and managing ability are important subjects in the field of emergency management, in which risk perception, early warning system, ability evaluation and mitigation technology are the foundation of disaster reduction. The paper also points out that improving the legal system, establishing support platform and giving full play to the role of scientific research institutions can ensure the long-term and stable development of science and technology in the disaster reduction in China.
[1] 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部. 工业和信息化部关于印发《应急产业培育与发展行动计划(2017-2019)》的通知[EB/OL]. (2017-07-10)[2018-12-01]. http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146285/n1146352/n3054355/n3057511/057n30-57513/c5720435/content.html.
[2] 中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 国务院办公厅关于加快应急产业发展的意见[EB/OL]. (2014-12-08)[2018-12-01]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2014-12/24/content_9337.htm.
[3] 中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)[EB/OL]. (2006-02-09)[2018-12-01]. http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-02/09/content_183787.htm.
[4] 国务院法制办公室. 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法注解与配套[M]. 北京:中国法制出版社, 2008.
[5] 工业和信息化部. 工业和信息化部发关于加强工业应急管理指导意见[EB/OL]. (2009-09-27)[2018-06-01]. http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2009-09/27/content_1427758.htm.
[6] 国务院办公厅. 国务院关于发布实施《促进产业结构调整暂行规定》的决定[EB/OL]. (2005-12-21)[2018-06-01]. http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2005-12/21/content_133214.htm.
[7] 华北科技学院. 学校概况[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://www.ncist.edu.cn/column/col38/index.html.
[8] 防灾科技学院. 学院概况[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://www.cidp.edu.cn/col/col744/index.html.
[9] 中国人民警察大学. 学院概况[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://www.wjxy.edu.cn.
[10] 中华人民共和国应急管理部. 中华人民共和国应急管理部机构[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/jg/ldxx_yjgl.
[11] 中国地震局. 政务公开[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/465/471/index.html.
[12] 中国安全生产科学研究院. 安科院介绍[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://www.chinasafety.ac.cn/main/zjaky/akyjs.
[13] 北京市劳动保护科学研究所. 研究所概况[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://www.bmilp.com/gk/jj/index.shtml.
[14] 国家知识产权局. 中国及多国专利审查信息查询[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://cpquery.sipo.gov.cn.
[15] 淘宝. 应急产品[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. https://www.taobao.com.
[16] 京东. 应急产品[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. https://www.jd.com.
[17] 当当. 应急产品[EB/OL].[2018-06-01]. http://book.dangdang.com.
[18] 戚桂杰, 顾飞, 陈安. 管理机制设计理论中的时间规制研究[J]. 科学学研究, 2012, 30(7):1039-1047.
[19] Albrecher H, Claramunt M M, Marmol M. On the distribution of dividend payments in a Spare Andersen model with generalized Erlang(n) inter claim times[J]. Insurance:Mathematics and Economics, 2005, 37:345-356.
[20] Yeung D S, Wing W Y, Chan P F, et al. A multiple intelligent agent system for credit risk prediction via an optimization of localized generalization error with diversity[J]. Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 2007, 16(2):166-180.
[21] Chen L, Huang Y C, Bai R Z, et al. Regional disaster risk evaluation of China based on the universal risk model[J]. Natural Hazards, 2017, 89(2):647-660.
[22] Ni H H, Chen A, Chen N. Some extensions on risk matrix approach[J]. Safety Science, 2010, 48:1269-1278.
[23] Peel D A. Heterogeneous agents and the implications of the Markowitz model of utility for multi-prize lottery tickets[J]. Economics Letters, 2013, 119(3):264-267.
[24] Huang C F, Ruan D. Fuzzy Risks and an updating algorithm with new observations[J]. Risk Analysis, 2008, 28(3):681-694.
[25] Ding L Y, Yu H L, Li H, et al. Safety risk identification system for metro construction on the basis of construction drawings[J]. Automation in Construction, 2012, 11(27):120-137.
[26] Sumit, G. Understanding complex, real-world systems through asynchronous, distributed decision-making algorithms[J]. Journal of Systems and Software, 2001, 58:153-167.
[27] 教育部. 教育部关于加强大中小学国家安全教育的实施意见[EB/OL]. (2018-04-09)[2018-06-01]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A12/s7060/201804/t20180412_332965.html.
