新中国成立以来，中国科技体制以改革为手段，在不断探索中找寻到中国特色科技体制机制路径，引领着科技事业不断创造历史性成就。回顾了中国科技体制的不同历史阶段和主要举措，分析了科技体制改革的主要成就与经验，提出了深化科技体制改革的政策展望。分析表明，对政府和市场、开放和自主关系的把握是理解科技体制阶段性特点的抓手；面对经济高质量发展的新要求，科技体制改革需要从建立和完善社会主义市场经济条件下的科技体系、推动企业成为创新主体、提高科技创新效率、改革评价导向、人事制度、科技资金管理、加强知识产权保护着手攻坚。

Since the founding of new China, the Chinese scientific and technological system is constantly in a way of conforming to the state's actual conditions. The characteristics of various stages are classified and a relationship between the government management and the market mechanism is proposed. The openness and the autonomy of academic organizations are paid more attention to improve the future developemnt. China's reform needs to be deepened in the following aspects:establishing and perfecting the system under the condition of the socialist market economy, promoting enterprises to become the main body of the innovation, improving the efficiency of the science and technology innovation, reform the evaluation orientation, the personnel system, the management of the science and technology funds, and strengthening the protection of the intellectual property rights.