北美页岩气高效开发模式总结为“一体化管理+水平井平台+超大型压裂+工厂化作业”，一体化管理采取的是革命性降本增效配套管理措施。目前尚未形成符合中国页岩气开发特性的一体化管理模式。分析了北美和中国页岩气开发的成功经验。应用新制度经济学的交易费用理论、产权理论及经济机制设计理论分析表明：中国页岩气开发特性表现为资产专用性高、不确定性大、交易频率高，中国页岩气开发管理发展方向应该是混合制和企业制管理模式。中国应该组建若干个“大型油气资源勘察企业+大型油气技术服务企业+地方政府代表企业”的页岩气开发集团，具体可以采用联盟、关联交易、股份制企业3种管理模式，进而建立一套信息有效利用、资源配置合理、激励措施相容的中国页岩气开发长效管理机制。
The shale gas efficient development model is summarized as "integrated management + horizontal well platform + super-large fracturing + factory operation" in North America, in which the integrated management is a combination of revolutionary and cost-effective management measures. At present, there is still no integrated management model that conforms to the characteristics of Chinese shale gas development. Successful experiences of development in North America and China are analyzed in this article. In terms of transaction cost theory, property rights theory and economic mechanism design theory of the new institutional economics, the characteristics of China's shale gas development are characterized by high asset specificity, high uncertainty, and high transaction frequency. The development direction of shale gas development and management in China should be mixed ownership and in the form of enterprise entity. China should set up a number of shale gas development groups constituted by "large oil and gas resources exploration enterprises + large oil and gas technical service enterprises + local government representative enterprises", and the constitution model can be alliance, related party transactions and joint-stock enterprises. Then a set of long-term management mechanisms for China's shale gas development with effective use of information, reasonable resource allocation, and compatible incentives methods can be established. Management innovation driven technological innovation should be the fundamental way to solve many problems in China's shale gas development.
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