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生命的低氧适应——2019年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果解析

  • 赵丽 ,
  • 李杰
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  • 首都医科大学神经生物学系, 北京 100069
赵丽,副教授,研究方向为脑缺血/低氧性损伤及适应的细胞分子机制,电子信箱:zhaoli@ccmu.edu.cn;李杰(共同第一作者),硕士研究生,研究方向为脑缺血/低氧性损伤及适应的细胞分子机制,电子信箱:lijie@ccmu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2019-11-14

  修回日期: 2019-12-13

  网络出版日期: 2020-04-01

基金资助

北京市自然科学基金项目(7192016);首都医科大学长学制导师项目(7NZDS2019008);首都医科大学学生科研创新项目(XSKY2019008);首都医科大学第二课堂项目(D2KT2019019)

Hypoxia adaption in life——An analysis of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2019

  • ZHAO Li ,
  • LI Jie
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  • Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China

Received date: 2019-11-14

  Revised date: 2019-12-13

  Online published: 2020-04-01

摘要

氧的利用和调节是高等生命赖以生存的基本条件,威廉·凯林、彼得·拉特克利夫和格雷格·塞门扎3位科学家因发现细胞感知和适应氧气供应的相关机制而获得了2019年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。他们发现低氧诱导因子1(hypoxia-inducible factors 1,HIF-1)广泛存在于急、慢性缺氧细胞中,是细胞适应低氧的重要转录因子。HIF-1水平受氧气含量的调节。高氧条件下,HIF-1被修饰进而降解;低氧条件下,HIF-1不被降解,并通过转录调节引起促红细胞生成素等低氧相关基因的表达。本文通过介绍HIF-1的发现和基本分子机制,探讨其在临床中的应用价值。

本文引用格式

赵丽 , 李杰 . 生命的低氧适应——2019年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果解析[J]. 科技导报, 2020 , 38(2) : 79 -85 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.02.009

Abstract

Using and adjusting the oxygen is the basic condition for higher organisms. Three British and American scientists, William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza, won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 2019 for discovering the mechanisms by which cells sense and adapt to the oxygen. They have found that the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), an important transcription factor, is widely distributed in chronic hypoxic cells and promotes cells to adapt to the hypoxia. The HIF-1 level is regulated by the oxygen content. Under the high oxygen condition, the HIF-1 is degraded after its modification. Conversely, under the low oxygen condition, the HIF-1 is not degraded and promotes the expression of the hypoxia related genes such as the erythropoietin through the transcriptional regulation. This paper reviews the discovery and the basic molecular mechanism of the HIF-1, as well as its clinical application values.

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