氧气是有氧代谢和能量产生的必要条件，对于大多数生物来说都是必不可少的。过多或过少的氧气都可能危害生命，因此研究生物快速响应变化的氧气水平的机制至关重要。当氧气需求超过氧气供应时，细胞就会变得低氧。介绍了氧气的特性以及生理、病理条件下低氧的适应机制，论述了低氧作为的积极方面——低氧预适应的历史和研究进展，展望了低氧预适应在高空、高原等极端环境中以及在卒中等相关临床疾病中的治疗前景。
The existence of oxygen is a necessary condition for aerobic metabolism and energy production, as is essential for most living things. Too much or too little oxygen can be life-threatening, so it is important to study the mechanism of how organisms respond quickly to the changing oxygen levels. When the oxygen demand exceeds the oxygen supply, the cells become hypoxic. This paper discusses the characteristics of the oxygen and the mechanism of the hypoxia adaptation under physiological and pathological conditions. Hypoxia can be considered in a positive aspect, the role in the hypoxic preconditioning, and the related history and research progress are reviewed, including preconditioning in extreme environments such as high altitude, and related clinical diseases, as well as the prospect of treatment of stroke diseases.
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