中国“三农”问题的核心是如何大幅度提高农民的收入。收入低下的根本原因是在农业的生产、加工、销售产业链中，农民一直只能获得第一产业的收益。近年来，虽然中央先后提出农业产业化和农村第一二三产业融合的方针，但迄今进展和成效不理想，突出表现为产业同质化严重、难以形成支柱产业，一二三产业融合缺乏抓手。从古今中外有关农村一二三产业融合的案例和经验着手，提出以“全生物链农业”为指导思想，充分利用新出现的生物质工程的契机，开发传统农业内涵以外的新领域，即充分利用以农业为主的各种有机残留/废弃物，并在边际土地种植灌木、草类，通过农村就地预处理加工与集中“生物炼制”结合，生产并在城乡销售高增值的生物燃料和生物合成材料，从而形成全新的“第二农业”。

The core issue of present development of agriculture and rural life in China is how to increase peasants' income considerably. Low income comes from the absent benefits from the second and tertiary industries within agriculture. The guiding principle of integrating rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries has recently been drawn up, while the achievement so far keeps unsatisfying, because of identical rural industries which can hardly form ‘pillar’ industry and because of the lack of means to promote the integration. This paper proposes an agriculture model of ‘whole links of agro-industry chain’, based on analyzing relevant experiences of ancient Chinese agriculture and foreign modern agriculture The content of such a new area includes full utilization of organic residues and wastes, growing dedicated energy plants(bushes and grasses) on marginal land, converting these two kinds of biomass into energy commodities and bio-based materials through biorefinery in situ or in outside scaled plants, as well as selling them. Such an innovative concept model is defined as ‘Second Agriculture’ in this paper.