近年中国铁路快速发展，路网规模及质量、技术装备现代化水平、客货运量等均达到世界先进甚至先领先水平，中国已经成为名副其实的铁路大国。但中国铁路在科技持续创新能力、企业运输服务与经营、与其他运输方式衔接、国际社会影响力等方面还存在不足。从问题导向、目标导向出发，在明确中国铁路存在的主要问题、铁路未来发展需求及主要发展目标的基础上，提出中国铁路亟需进一步提高发展质量，优化路网结构，增强创新能力，提高运输效益，提升安全水平，提高服务质量，推进绿色智能化，增强国际影响力，为建设交通强国当好先行，为中华民族伟大复兴作出更大贡献。

Thanks to its recent rapid development, China's railway sector is among the best or even leading the world in terms of size and quality of the railway network, technology and equipment, passenger ridership and freight volume. China has become a country with strong railway competitiveness and the railway has been playing a significant role in economic growth and social development. However, there is still room for improvement. Focusing on the current railway challenges and objectives the paper suggests that it is urgent for China railway to further improve the quality of development, optimize network structure, enhance innovation, improve transportation benefit, safety and services, promote green and intelligent railway development, and strengthen international influence.