进入21世纪，现代科学技术迅猛发展，神经外科领域基于神经网络科学和数字化脑成像技术的神经调控领域，将神经外科学推向神经网络外科（neural networks surgery）新的阶段。神经网络外科不仅为难治性神经系统疾患提供了更安全可靠的方法，同时也为神经外科学开启一扇通往脑科学研究大门[1-2]。
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