综述

页岩有机质纳米力学性质研究进展

  • 王晓蕾 ,
  • 司树杰 ,
  • 阿窦
展开
  • 1. 吕梁学院矿业工程系, 吕梁 033000;
    2. 煤矿机械装备维护与检测试验吕梁市重点实验室, 吕梁;
    3. 中国石油青海油田分公司采油二厂, 海西 817500
王晓蕾,博士,研究方向为煤矿安全与煤层气及页岩气地质,电子信箱:471371562@qq.com

收稿日期: 2019-07-15

  修回日期: 2019-08-13

  网络出版日期: 2020-08-05

基金资助

山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0954)

Progress in characterization of nanoscale mechanical properties of organic matter in shale

  • WANG Xiaolei ,
  • SI Shujie ,
  • A Dou
Expand
  • 1. Department of Mining Engineering, Lüliang University, Lüliang 033000, China;
    2. Key of Laboratory of Maintenance and Inspection of Coal Mine Mechanical Equipment of Lüliang City, Lüliang 033000, China;
    3. Second Oil Production Plant in Qinghai Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Haixi 817500, China

Received date: 2019-07-15

  Revised date: 2019-08-13

  Online published: 2020-08-05

摘要

页岩有机质纳米尺度下的力学行为目前不够明确且利用常规实验仪器无法准确获得,表征其纳米尺度下的力学性质,对于搭建微观-宏观岩石力学模型和实现高效水力压裂是极具现实意义的。基于近年国内外关于页岩有机质纳米力学性质表征等方面所取得的研究进展,总结了目前常用的表征技术、力学性质主要特征及主控因素。综合结果表明,纳米压痕和原子力显微镜是目前表征纳米力学性质常用的技术与方法,两者在精度、分辨率、设备技术等方面都存在各自的优势或缺陷;目前有机质纳米力学性质的测定主要集中在弹性模量和硬度,成熟度和温度在不同程度上改变着有机质的内部结构,从而改变其力学性质;提出了“多尺度”“多技术”“多角度”“多学科”等工作设想与建议。

本文引用格式

王晓蕾 , 司树杰 , 阿窦 . 页岩有机质纳米力学性质研究进展[J]. 科技导报, 2020 , 38(12) : 115 -128 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2020.12.011

Abstract

At present the mechanical behavior of shale organic matter at nanometer scale is neither clear nor able to be accurately obtained by conventional experimental instruments. It is of great practical significance to characterize the mechanical properties at nanometer scale for building a micro-macro rock mechanics model and realizing high efficiency hydraulic fracturing. Based on the recent advances in characterization of nanoscale mechanical properties of organic matter in shale at home and abroad, commonly used characterization techniques, main characteristics and main controlling factors of mechanical properties are reviewed and summarized in this paper. It is shown that nano-indentation and atomic force microscope are the commonly used techniques and methods to characterize nano mechanical properties at present, both of which have their own advantages or defects in precision, resolution, equipment technology and so on. At present, determination of nanomechanical properties of organic matter mainly focuses on elastic modulus and hardness. Maturity and temperature change the internal structure of organic matter to varying degrees, thus changing its mechanical properties. In the end, the paper puts forward some ideas and suggestions for the exploration and development of shale gas in China.

参考文献

[1] Ulm F J, Abousleiman Y. The nanogranular nature of shale[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2006, 1(2):77-88.
[2] Bobko C, Ulm F J. The nano-mechanical morphology of shale[J]. Mechanics of Materials, 2008, 40(4):318-337.
[3] Abousleiman Y N, Hull K L, Han Y, et al. The granular and polymer composite nature of kerogen-rich shale[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2016, 11(3):573-594.
[4] Goodarzi M, Rouainia M, Aplin A C, et al. Predicting the elastic response of organic-rich shale using nanoscale measurements and homogenisation methods[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 2017, 65(6):1597-1614.
[5] Loucks R G, Reed R M, Ruppel S C, et al. Morphology, genesis, and distribution of nanometer-scale pores in siliceous mudstones of the mississippian barnett shale[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2009, 79(11/12):848-861.
[6] Ross D J K, Bustin R M. The importance of shale composition and pore structure upon gas storage potential of shale gas reservoirs[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2009, 26(6):916-927.
[7] Javadpour F. Nanopores and apparent permeability of gas flow in mudrocks (shales and siltstone)[J]. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2009, 48(8):16-21.
[8] Larsen B, Gudmundsson A. Linking of fractures in layered rocks:Implications for permeability[J]. Tectonophysics, 2010, 492(1/2/3/4):108-120.
[9] Ghani I, Koehn D, Toussaint R, et al. Dynamic development of hydrofracture[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2013, 170(11):1685-1703.
[10] Jin L, Hawthorne S, Sorensen J, et al. Advancing CO2 enhanced oil recovery and storage in unconventional oil play:Experimental studies on Bakken shales[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 208:171-183.
[11] Vernik L, Milovac J. Rock physics of organic shales[J]. The Leading Edge, 2011, 30(3):318-323.
[12] Eliyahu M, Emmanuel S, Day-Stirrat R J, et al. Mechanical properties of organic matter in shales mapped at the nanometer scale[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2015, 59:294-304.
[13] Lynk J M, Papandrea R, Collamore A, et al. Hydraulic fracture completion optimization in fayetteville shale:Case study[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2017, 17(2):14.
[14] Tarasov B, Potvin Y. Universal criteria for rock brittleness estimation under triaxial compression[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2013, 59:57-69.
[15] Hu R, Vernik L, Nayvelt L, et al. Seismic inversion for organic richness and fracture gradient in unconventional reservoirs:Eagle ford shale, Texas[J]. The Leading Edge, 2014, 34(1):80-84.
[16] Herrmann J, Rybacki E, Sone H, et al. Deformation experiments on bowland and posidonia shalePart I:Strength and Young's modulus at ambient and in situ pcT conditions[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2018, 51(12):3645-3666.
[17] Rybacki E, Reinicke A, Meier T, et al. What controls the mechanical properties of shale rocks? Part I:Strength and Young's modulus[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2015, 135:702-722.
[18] Rybacki E, Meier T, Dresen G. What controls the mechanical properties of shale rocks? Part Ⅱ:Brittleness[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2016, 144:39-58.
[19] Alstadt K N, Katti K S, Katti D R. Nanoscale morphology of kerogen and in situ nanomechanical properties of Green River oil shale[J]. Journal of Nanomechanics and Micromechanics, 2016, 6(1):401-405.
[20] Li C, Ostadhassan M, Gentzis T, et al. Nanomechanical characterization of organic matter in the Bakken formation by microscopy-based method[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, 96:128-138.
[21] Hu C, Li Z. A review on the mechanical properties of cement-based materials measured by nanoindentation[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 90:80-90.
[22] Ougier-Simonin A, Renard F, Boehm C, et al. Microfracturing and microporosity in shales[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2016, 162:198-226.
[23] Thomas J J, Valenza J J, Craddock P R, et al. The neutron scattering length density of kerogen and coal as determined by CH3OH/CD3OH exchange[J]. Fuel, 2014, 117:801-808.
[24] Okiongbo K S, Aplin A C, Larter S R. Changes in type Ⅱ kerogen density as a function of maturity:Evidence from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2005, 19(6):2495-2499.
[25] Ungerer P, Collell J, Yiannourakou M. Molecular modeling of the volumetric and thermodynamic properties of kerogen:Influence of organic type and maturity[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29(1):91-105.
[26] Emmanuel S, Eliyahu M, Macaulay C I, et al. Softening of organic matter in shales at reservoir temperatures[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 2016, 23(2):262-269.
[27] Ju Y W, Sun Y, Tan J Q, et al. The composition, pore structure characterization and deformation mechanism of coal-bearing shales from tectonically altered coalfields in eastern China[J]. Fuel, 2018, 234:626-642.
[28] Zhu H J, Ju Y W, Huang C, et al. Pore structure variations across structural deformation of Silurian Longmaxi Shale:An example from the Chuandong Thrust-Fold Belt[J]. Fuel, 2019, 241:914-932.
[29] Hasan M R, Reza M T. Hydrothermal deformation of Marcellus shale:Effects of subcritical water temperature and holding time on shale porosity and surface morphology[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019, 172:383-390.
[30] Ahmadov R, Vanorio T, Mavko G. Confocal laser scanning and atomic-force microscopy in estimation of elastic properties of the organic-rich Bazhenov Formation[J]. The Leading Edge, 2009, 28(1):18-23.
[31] Panahi Hamed, Kobchenko Maya, Meakin Paul, et al. Fluid expulsion and microfracturing during the pyrolysis of an organic rich shale[J]. Fuel, 2019, 235:1-16.
[32] Manjunath G L, Jha B. Geomechanical characterization of gondwana shale across nano-micro-meso scales[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2019, 119:35-45.
[33] Cheng Y T, Cheng C M. Scaling, dimensional analysis, and indentation measurements[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:R:Reports, 2004, 44(4):91-149.
[34] Zhu W, Hughes J J, Bicanic N, et al. Nanoindentation mapping of mechanical properties of cement paste and natural rocks[J]. Materials Characterization, 2007, 58(11):1189-1198.
[35] Fan M, Jin Y, Chen M, et al. Mechanical characterization of shale through instrumented indentation test[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019, 174:607-616.
[36] Shi X, Jiang S, Lu S, et al. Investigation of mechanical properties of bedded shale by nanoindentation tests:A case study on Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Youyang area in southeast Chongqing, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019, 46(1):163-172.
[37] Liu K, Ostadhassan M, Bubach B. Applications of nanoindentation methods to estimate nanoscale mechanical properties of shale reservoir rocks[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016, 35:1310-1319.
[38] Oliver W C, Pharr G M. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments[J]. Journal of Materials Research, 2011, 7(6):1564-1583.
[39] Zhao J, Zhang D, Wu T, et al. Multiscale approach for mechanical characterization of organic-rich shale and its application[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2019, 19(1):04018180.
[40] Han Q, Chen P, Ma T. Influencing factor analysis of shale micro-indentation measurement[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 27:641-650.
[41] Wang D, Liang X, Russell T P, et al. Visualization and quantification of the chemical and physical properties at a diffusion-induced interface using AFM nanomechanical mapping[J]. Macromolecules, 2014, 47(11):3761-3765.
[42] Niu Y F, Yang Y, Gao S, et al. Mechanical mapping of the interphase in carbon fiber reinforced poly(etherether-ketone) composites using peak force atomic force microscopy:Interphase shrinkage under coupled ultraviolet and hydro-thermal exposure[J]. Polymer Testing, 2016, 55:257-260.
[43] Asgari H, Ramezanianpour A A, Butt H J. Nano-mechanical behavior of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium hydroxide in cement paste:Elevated Peak-Force study[J]. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2018, 16(3):273-280.
[44] Javadpour F, Moravvej F M, Amrein M. Atomic-force microscopy:A new tool for gas-shale characterization[J]. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2012, 51(4):236-243.
[45] Tian S C, Dong X X, Wang T Y, et al. Surface properties of organic kerogen in continental and marine shale[J]. Langmuir, 2018, 34(46):13882-13887.
[46] Kumar S, Das S, Bastia R, et al. Mineralogical and morphological characterization of Older Cambay Shale from North Cambay Basin, India:Implication for shale oil/gas development[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, 97:339-354.
[47] Trtik P, Kaufmann J, Volz U. On the use of peak-force tapping atomic force microscopy for quantification of the local elastic modulus in hardened cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2012, 42(1):215-221.
[48] Pittenger B, Erina N, Su C. Mechanical property mapping at the nanoscale using PeakForce QNM scanning probe technique[J]. Solid Mechanics and its Applications, 2014, 203:31-51.
[49] Abedi S, Slim M, Hofmann R, et al. Nanochemo-mechanical signature of organic-rich shales:A coupled indentation-EDX analysis[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2016, 11(3):559-572.
[50] Zargari S, Wilkinson T M, Packard C E, et al. Effect of thermal maturity on elastic properties of kerogen[J]. Geophysics, 2016, 81(2):M1-M6.
[51] Zeszotarski J C, Chromik R R, Vinci R P, et al. Imaging and mechanical property measurements of kerogen via nanoindentation[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2004, 68(20):4113-4119.
[52] Kumar V, Curtis M E, Gupta N, et al. Estimation of elastic properties of organic matter in woodford shale through nanoindentation measurements[C]//SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference. Richardson:Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012:11.
[53] Kumar V, Sondergeld C H, Rai C S. Nano to macro mechanical characterization of shale[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Richardson:Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012:23.
[54] Bennett K C, Berla L A, Nix W D, et al. Instrumented nanoindentation and 3D mechanistic modeling of a shale at multiple scales[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2015, 10(1):1-14.
[55] Abedi S, Slim M, Ulm F J. Nanomechanics of organicrich shales:The role of thermal maturity and organic matter content on texture[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2016, 11(4):775-787.
[56] Sharma P, Prakash R, Abedi S. Effect of temperature on nano- and microscale creep properties of organic-rich shales[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019, 175:375-388.
[57] Bao Y W, Wang W, Zhou Y C. Investigation of the relationship between elastic modulus and hardness based on depth-sensing indentation measurements[J]. Acta Materialia, 2004, 52(18):5397-5404.
[58] Chen P, Han Q, Ma T, et al. The mechanical properties of shale based on micro-indentation test[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(5):723-732.
[59] Qin X, Han D H, Zhao L. Rock physics modeling of organic-rich shales with different maturity levels[C]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014. Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2014:2952-2957.
[60] Milliken K L, Rudnicki M, Awwiller D N, et al. Organic matter-hosted pore system, Marcellus Formation (Devonian), Pennsylvania[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2013, 97(2):177-200.
[61] Ko L T, Ruppel S C, Loucks R G, et al. Pore-types and pore-network evolution in Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Woodford and Mississippian Barnett mudstones:Insights from laboratory thermal maturation and organic petrology[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2018, 190:3-28.
[62] Nie H, Sun C, Liu G, et al. Dissolution pore types of the Wufeng Formation and the Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin, south China:Implications for shale gas enrichment[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2019, 101:243-251.
[63] Ji W, Song Y, Rui Z, et al. Pore characterization of isolated organic matter from high matured gas shale reservoir[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2017, 174:31-40.
[64] Wu C, Tuo J, Zhang L, et al. Pore characteristics differences between clay-rich and clay-poor shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Northern Guizhou area, and insights into shale gas storage mechanisms[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2017, 178:13-25.
[65] Curtis M E, Cardott B J, Sondergeld C H, et al. Development of organic porosity in the Woodford Shale with increasing thermal maturity[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2012, 103:26-31.
[66] Akono A T, Kabir P. Influence of geochemistry on toughening behavior of organic-rich shale[J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2019, 14(4):1129-1142.
[67] Hull K L, Abousleiman Y N, Han Y, et al. Nanomechanical characterization of the tensile modulus of rupture for kerogen-rich shale[J]. SPE Journal, 2017, 22(4):1024-1033.
[68] Zhu H J, Ju Y W, Lu W D, et al. The characteristics and evolution of micro-nano scale pores in shales and coals[J]. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2017, 17(9):6124-6138.
[69] Chandler M R, Meredith P G, Brantut N, et al. Fracture toughness anisotropy in shale[J]. Journal Of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 2016, 121(3):1706-1729.
[70] Sayers C M. The effect of kerogen on the elastic anisotropy of organic-rich shales[J]. Geophysics, 2013, 78(2):D65-D74.
[71] Wang Q, Wang Y, Guo S G, et al. The effect of shale properties on the anisotropic brittleness criterion index from laboratory study[J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2015, 12(5):866-874.
[72] Carcione J M, Helle H B, Avseth P. Source-rock seismic-velocity models:Gassmann versus Backus[J]. Geophysics, 2011, 76(5):N37-N45.
[73] Yang L, Wu X Y, Chapman M. Impacts of kerogen content and fracture properties on the anisotropic seismic reflectivity of shales with orthorhombic symmetry[J]. Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization, 2015, 3(3):ST1-ST7.
[74] Yang J, Hatcherian J, Hackley P C, et al. Nanoscale geochemical and geomechanical characterization of organic matter in shale[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(1):2179.
文章导航

/