南海深部计划与国际大洋钻探航次取得了一系列创新进展与重大突破：1）发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初未出现地幔蛇纹岩出露，且岩浆迅速出现；2）新提出南海不是“小大西洋”，而是“板缘张裂”盆地，与经典的大西洋型“板内张裂”陆缘模式不同；3）揭示南海受到俯冲带的强烈控制，提出俯冲诱发地幔上涌并影响南海岩浆活动。
The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the western Pacific Ocean. Significant breakthroughs have been made in the SCS researches, especially through the South China Sea Deep Initiative and International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). One of the surprising discoveries is that the expected mantle serpentinites at the IODP drill sites are not found at the northern SCS continental margin; instead, the magma is found to erupt rapidly, indicating the significant magmatism at the SCS soon after the continental rifting and probably due to the strong influence of surrounding subduction zones. Thus, the SCS might be regarded as a new type of rift basin of "plate-edge rifting", different from the classic Atlantic type of "intra-plate rifting". It is also suggested that the subduction-induced mantle upwelling is likely to play an important role in the magmatism of the SCS.
[1] 林间, 李家彪, 徐义刚, 等. 南海大洋钻探及海洋地质与地球物理前沿研究新突破[J]. 海洋学报, 2019, 41(10):125-140.
[2] 汪品先, 翦知湣. 探索南海深部的回顾与展望[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2019, 49(10):590-1606.
[3] Lin J, Xu Y G, Sun Z, et al. Mantle upwelling beneath the South China Sea and links to surrounding subduction systems[J]. National Science Review, 2019, 6(5):877-881.
[4] Li C F, Xu X, Lin J, et al. Ages and magnetic structures of the South China Sea constrained by deep tow magnetic surveys and IODP Expedition 349[J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2014, 15(12):4958-4983.
[5] Sun Z, Jian Z M, Stock J M, et al. South China Searifted margin[Z]. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 367/368:College Station, TX (International Ocean Discovery Program), 2018, https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.367368.2018.
[6] Childress L, Expedition 368X Scientists. Expedition 368X preliminary report:South China Sea rifted margin[Z]. International Ocean Discovery Program, 2019, https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.pr.368X.2019.
[7] Larsen H C, Mohn G, Nirrengarten M, et al. Rapid transition from continental breakup to igneous oceanic crust in the South China Sea[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2018, 11(10):782-789.
[8] Sun Z, Lin J, Qiu N, et al. The role of magmatism in thinning and breakup of the South China Sea continental margin[J]. National Science Review, 2019, 6(5):871-876.
[9] Wang P X, Huang C Y, Lin J, et al. The South China Sea is not a mini-Atlantic:Plate-edge rifting vs intra-plate rifting[J]. National Science Review, 2019, 6(5):902-913.
[10] Zhang N, Li Z X. Formation of mantle "lone plumes" in the global downwelling zone-A multiscale modelling of subduction-controlled plume generation beneath the South China Sea[J]. Tectonophysics, 2018, 723:1-13.
[11] Zhou Z Y, Lin J. 3D mantle upwelling beneath the South China Sea and Southeast Asia:Insights from geodynamic modeling[C]//AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. Washington, DC:AGU, 2019.
