从人类社会可持续发展最迫切、最基本的需求出发，研判人类社会所面临的重大全球性问题与挑战，《Research》《科学通报》《The Lancet Planetary Health》等期刊邀请中国、美国、英国等数十个国家的科学家提出并评选出了“2020年度人类社会发展十大科学问题”，分别是：（1）人类行为引起的生态环境变化对传染病大流行的影响机制是什么？（2）抑制超级传染性和高危害性病毒如SARS－CoV－2的机理是什么？（3）未来新技术有效保障人类卫生和健康的范式是什么？（4）重大疾病高效、准确早期诊断和筛查的机制是什么？（5）采用哪些科技手段能有效保证食品更健康、更安全？（6）怎样使人类社会更具备抵御不安全因素的能力？（7）如何提高农作物产量和良种覆盖率以促进粮食安全？（8）自然资源总量快速减少应对响应机制有哪些？（9）哪些技术和材料能够更高效地存储和转化清洁能源？（10）采用哪些新技术能够大幅提升太阳能资源的高效利用？介绍了2020年度人类社会发展十大科学问题产生的背景、意义和主要内涵。
Based on the most urgent and fundamental needs for sustainable development of human society and the major global challenges faced by human society, renowned journals such as Research, Science Bulletin, and The Lancet Planetary Health invited renowned scientists from dozens of countries, including the United States, China, and the United Kingdom to propose and select top 10 scientific issues concerning human society development for 2020. The results are: 1) what is the influencing mechanism of ecological environment changes caused by human behavior on infectious disease pandemic? 2) what mechanism can suppress a super contagious and highly harmful virus such as SARS-CoV-2? 3) how can new technologies be more effectively applied to protection of the hygiene and health of human kind? 4) how can we make quick and early diagnosis and screening of severe diseases? 5) which scientific and technological means can be used to guarantee healthier and safer food? 6) how to make human society more resilient to insecurity factors? 7) how can we increase crop yields and coverage of improved variety to promote food security? 8) what are the response mechanisms to cope with the rapid decline of total natural resources? 9) which technologies and materials can store and convert clean energy more efficiently? and 10) which new technologies can greatly improve efficient use of solar energy resources? This article introduces the background, significance, and main conotation of these issues.
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