能耗与淡水资源是制约电解水制氢发展的瓶颈问题，利用海洋能发电来制取淡水及氢气，是实现海能海用、海洋效益最大化的重要途经之一。提出一种潮流能发电制取淡水和氢气的集成技术方案。海水淡化后首先满足生活需求，冗余的淡水用于电解制氢。为验证系统方案的可行性，建立了系统模型并进行了仿真和部分试验验证，重点对发电装备的能量控制策略和制氢单元的高效能控制方法进行了研究，以60 kW潮流能发电机组单机系统为例，仿真结果表明，基于潮流能发电的制淡制氢系统具有较好的稳定性且理论上可日产淡水约90 t，同时制取氢气约55 Nm3。
The energy and fresh water resources restrain the development of the hydrogen production by the electrolysis of the water. The production of the fresh water and the hydrogen by using the ocean energy can best use the marine resources. An integrated system is proposed for generating the fresh water and the hydrogen from the tidal current energy to meet the daily requirement of the fresh water and also the demand of the hydrogen produced from the water by the electrolysis. A simulation model is established to verify the feasibility of the system. The control strategy of the power generation equipment and the operation mode for high efficiency is discussed. The simulation results of a 60 kW tidal current power generator integrated with the reverse-osmosis units and the electrolyzers show that the system enjoys a good stability and can theoretically produce about 90 tons of the fresh water and about 55 Nm3 of the hydrogen per day.
[1] 盛松伟, 张亚群, 王坤林, 等. 鹰式装置"万山号"总体设计概述[J].船舶工程, 2015, 37(增刊1):10-14.
[2] Li Y, Liu H, Lin Y, et al. Design and test of a 600-kW horizontal-axis tidal current turbine[J]. Energy, 2019, 182:177-186.
[3] Effiom S O, Nwankwojike B N, Abam F I. Economic cost evaluation on the viability of offshore wind turbine farms in Nigeria[J]. Energy Reports, 2016, 2:48-53.
[4] 李伟, 杨易嘉, 顾亚京, 等. 基于海洋能的海水资源综合利用研究[J].中国工程科学, 2019, 21(6):33-38.
[5] 氢能观察[EB/OL].[2020-05-31]. http://chuneng.ne21.com/show-15511.html.
[6] Peters R, Vaessen J, Van D M R. Offshore hydrogen production in the north sea enables far offshore wind development[C]. Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, May 4-7, 2020.
[7] Dutton A G, Bleijs J A M, Dienhart H, et al. Experience in the design, sizing, economics, and implementation of autonomous wind-powered hydrogen production systems[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2000, 25(8):705-722.
[8] Aouali F Z, Becherif M, Ramadan H S, et al. Analytical modelling and experimental validation of proton exchange membrane electrolyser for hydrogen production[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(2):1366-1374.
[9] Guilbert D, Gianpaolo V. Improved hydrogen-production-based power management control of a wind turbine conversion system coupled with multistack proton exchange membrane electrolyzers[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(5):1239.
[10] Falcão D S, Pinto A M F R. A review on PEM electrolyzer modelling:Guidelines for beginners[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 261:121184.
[11] Mito M T, Ma X H, Albuflasa H, et al. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane desalination driven by wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy:State of the art and challenges for large-scale implementation[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 112:669-685.
[12] Jarquin-Laguna A, Greco F. Integration of hydraulic wind turbines for seawater reverse osmosis desalination[C]//2019 Offshore Energy and Storage Summit. Brest:IEEE, 2019, doi:10.1109/OSES.2019.8867343.
