当前，中国以财政资金为主的生态保护补偿工作面临巨大挑战。基于市场机制重构中国生态保护补偿制度体系，对生态保护及生态文明建设意义重大。在阐明生态保护、生态修复及生态补偿概念界限与关联的基础上，提出健全完善以“破坏者补偿、保护者得利、受益者付费”为原则，以生态空间净生收益为目标，对社会经济建设占用破坏的生态空间进行补偿，对生态保护各类行为进行奖励的基本生态补偿制度；优化财政出资的权益型补偿制度及健全资源收益型补偿制度，以建立具有可持续性的市场化、多元化生态保护补偿制度体系。
China's financially dominated ecological compensation system is now facing great challenges due to the fund limitation. It is important, with the market-based instruments, to reconstruct China's ecological protection and compensation system for the continued advancement of the ecological conservation and the construction of the eco-civilization. This paper aims to clarify the boundaries and the associations of the ecological protection, the ecological restoration, and the ecological compensation. Based on the principle of "spoilers to make compensation, protectors to get benefits and beneficiaries to pay the cost", this paper proposes a basic ecological compensation system that compensates the ecological land occupied and damaged by the economic construction and rewards various actions of the ecological conservation with the goal of a net gain for the biodiversity. Optimizing the right-based compensation mechanism and improving the revenue-based compensation mechanism are the fundamental routines to establish a sustainable market-oriented, diversified ecological compensation system.
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