第三代半导体是全球半导体技术研究前沿和新的产业竞争焦点。综述了第三代半导体发展现状、中国对第三代半导体产业的科技支持政策及当前面临的风险和存在的问题。阐述了第三代半导体产业技术创新战略联盟的探索实践，包括推动产学研用创新联合体对接国家重大项目、推动国家级公共平台和产业创新生态建设、制定团体标准并推动相关检测平台建设、通过创新创业服务促进大中小企业融通发展、精准深度国际合作等。针对当前国际形势及中国第三代半导体产业面临的机遇和挑战，提出5点建议：尽快启动国家2030重大项目，通过国家第三代半导体技术创新中心形成合力，瞄准国家重大需求，探索新型举国体制；夯实支撑产业链的公共研发与服务等基础平台；加速推动产业生态环境的完善；组织实施应用示范工程，充分发挥需求端对产业的带动作用；构建科技资本网链，实现国家信用对研发链、产业链和资本链的拉动。

The third generation semiconductor is in the frontier of the global semiconductor technology research and is the focus of the new industry competition. This paper reviews the development of the third generation semiconductor, China's scientific and technological support policies for the third generation semiconductor industry, and the current risks and existing problems. The exploration and the practice of the third-generation strategic alliance for the technological innovation in the semiconductor industry are discussed, including promoting the integration of the industry-university-research innovation consortium with major national projects, promoting the construction of the national public platform and industrial innovation ecology, formulating the group standards and promoting the construction of the related testing platforms, promoting the integration and the development of large, medium and small enterprises through innovative and entrepreneurial services, and the international cooperation. In view of the current international situation and the opportunities and challenges faced by China's third-generation semiconductor industry, this paper puts forward five suggestions:Starting the national 2030 major project as soon as possible, aiming at the major needs of the country and exploring a new national system; consolidating the basic platforms such as the public R&D and services that support the industrial chain; accelerating the improvement of the industrial ecological environment; implementing the application demonstration projects and bringing into full play the leading role of the demand side in the industry; constructing the network chain of the science and technology capital, and realizing the pulling function of the national credit on the R&D chain, the industrial chain and the capital chain.