[1] Black R, Bennett S R G, Thomas S M, et al. Climate change:Migration as adaptation[J]. Nature, 2011, 478(7370):447-449.
[2] Muriuki G W, Jacobson C, Mcalpine C, et al. Migrating, staying, or moving on:Migration dynamics in the Chyulu Hills, Kenya[J]. Population Space & Place, 2011, 17(5):391-406.
[3] Massey D, Arango J, Hugo G, et al. Theories of international migration:A review and appraisal[J]. Population and Development Review, 1993, 19(3):431-466.
[4] Meze-Hausken E. Migration caused by climate change:How vulnerable are people in dryland areas?[J]. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2000, 5(4):379-406.
[5] Veronis L, Mcleman R. Environmental influences on African migration to Canada:Focus group findings from Ottawa-Gatineau[J]. Population and Environment, 2014, 36(2):234-251.
[6] Hugo G, Bardsley D K. Migration and environmental change in Asia[M]. Berlin:Springer Netherlands, 2014:21-48.
[7] Stark O, Bloom D E. The new economics of labor migration[J]. American Economic Review, 1985, 75(2):173-178.
[8] Nawrotzki R J, Dewaard J. Climate shocks and the timing of migration from Mexico[J]. Population and Environment, 2016, 38(1):72-100.
[9] Thiede B, Gray C, Mueller V. Climate variability and inter-provincial migration in South America, 1970-2011[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2016, 41:228-240.
[10] Barrios S, Bertinelli L, Strobl E. Climatic change and rural-urban migration:The case of Sub-Saharan Africa[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2016, 60(3):357-371.
[11] Afifi T, Liwenga E, Kwezi L. Rainfall-induced crop failure, food insecurity and out-migration in Same-Kilimanjaro, Tanzania[J]. Climate and Development, 2014, 6(1):53-60.
[12] Findley S E. Does drought increase migration? A study of migration from rural Mali during the 1983-1985 drought[J]. International Migration Review, 1994, 28(3):539-553.
[13] Mcleman R A, Ploeger S K. Soil and its influence on rural drought migration:Insights from depression-era Southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada[J]. Population and Environment, 2012, 33(4):304-332.
[14] Lonergan S. The role of environmental degradation in population displacement[J]. Environmental Change and Security Project Report, 1998, 4(4):5-15.
[15] Martin M, Billah M, Siddiqui T, et al. Climate-related migration in rural Bangladesh:A behavioural model[J]. Population and Environment, 2014, 36(1):85-110.
[16] Lom C. Pakistan-after the deluge[J]. Migration, 2010, 10:4-7.
[17] Feng S, Oppenheimer M, Schlenker W. Climate change, crop yields, and internal migration in the United States[R]. USA:NBER, 2012.
[18] Bohra-Mishra P, Oppenheimer M, Hsiang S M. Nonlinear permanent migration response to climatic variations but minimal response to disasters[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2014, 111(27):9780-9785.
[19] Poston D L, Zhang L, Gotcher D J, et al. The effect of climate on migration:United States, 1995-2000[J]. Social Science Research, 2009, 38(3):743-753.
[20] Dewaard J, Curtis K J, Fussell E. Population recovery in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina:Exploring the potential role of stage migration in migration systems[J]. Population and Environment, 2016, 37(4):449-463.
[21] Kubik Z, Maurel M. Weather shocks, agricultural production and migration:Evidence from Tanzania[J]. The Journal of Development Studies, 2016, 52(5):665-680.
[22] Ezra M. Demographic responses to environmental stress in the drought and famine-prone areas of Northern Ethiopia[J]. Population Space & Place, 2001, 7(4):259-279.
[23] Gray C, Mueller V. Drought and population mobility in rural Ethiopia[J]. World Development (Oxford), 2012, 40(1):134-145.
[24] Mersha A A, Van Laerhoven F. A gender approach to understanding the differentiated impact of barriers to adaptation:Responses to climate change in rural Ethiopia[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2016, 16(6):1701-1713.
[25] Pratikshya B M, Michael O, Rachel L, et al. Climate variability and migration in the Philippines[J]. Population and Environment, 2017, 38(2):286-308.
[26] Amy L C. Climate change and migration in the Pacific:Options for Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2017, 17:1029-1038.
[27] Ahsan R, Kellett J, Karuppannan S. Climate induced migration:Lessons from Bangladesh[J]. Climate Change Impacts and Responses, 2014, 5(2):1-15.
[28] Wyett K. Escaping a rising tide:sea level rise and migration in Kiribati[J]. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 2014, 1(1):171-185.
[29] Gray C, Wise E. Country-specific effects of climate variability on human migration[J]. Climatic Change, 2016, 135(3-4):555-568.
[30] Bates D C. Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change[J]. Population and Environment, 2002, 23(5):465-477.
[31] Abbas A M. Climate change and forced migration from Ngala and Kala-Balge LGAs, N.E. Borno State, Nigeria[J]. Global Changes and Natural Disaster Management:Geo-information Technologies, 2017(5):141-151.
[32] Hamilton L C, Saito K, Loring P A, et al. Climigration? Population and climate change in Arctic Alaska[J]. Population and Environment, 2016, 38(2):115-133.
[33] Bohra-Mishra P, Oppenheimer M, Licker R, et al. Climate variability and migration in the Philippines[J]. Popul Environ, 2017, 38(3):286-308.
[34] Weinthal E, Zawahri N, Sowers J. Securitizing water, climate, and migration in Israel, Jordan, and Syria[J]. International Environmental Agreements:Politics, Law and Economics, 2015, 15(3):293-307.
[35] Beine M, Parsons C. Climatic factors as determinants of international migration[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 2015, 117(2):723-767.
[36] Black R, Adger W N, Arnell N W, et al. The effect of environmental change on human migration[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2011, 21(1):3-11.
[37] Warner K, Dun O, Stal M. Filed observations and empirical research[J]. Forced Migration Review, 2008, 31:13-15.
[38] Black R, Kniveton D, Schmidt-Verkerk K. Migration and climate change:Towards an integrated assessment of sensitivity[J]. Environmental and Planning A, 2011, 43(2):431-450.
[39] McMichael C. Climate change and migration:Food insecurity as a driver and outcome of climate change-related migration[J]. Environmental Deterioration and Human Health, 2018, 8:291-313.
[40] Haug R. Forced migration, processes of return and livelihood construction among pastoralists in northern Sudan[J]. Disasters, 2010, 26(1):70-84.
[41] Warner K, Hamza M, Oliver-Smith A, et al. Climate change, environmental degradation and migration[J]. Nat Hazards, 2010(55):689-715.
[42] Barnett J, McMichael C. The effects of climate change on the geography and timing of human mobility[J]. Population and Environment, 2018, 39(4):339-356.
[43] Jong D E, Gordon F. Expectations, gender, and norms in migration decision-making[J]. Population Studies, 2000, 54(3):307-319.
[44] Kanaiaupuni S M. Reframing the migration question:An analysis of men, women, and gender in Mexico[J]. Social Forces, 2000, 78(4):1311-1347.
[45] Halliday T. Migration, risk, and liquidity constraints in El Salvador[J]. Economic Development & Cultural Change, 2006, 54(4):893-925.
[46] Sjaastad L. The costs and returns of human migration[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 1962, 70(5):80-93.
[47] Abu M, Codjoe S N A, Sward J. Climate change and internal migration intentions in the forest-savannah transition zone of Ghana[J]. Population and Environment, 2014, 35(4):341-364.
[48] Mastrorillo M, Licker R, Bohra-Mishra P, et al. The influence of climate variability on internal migration flows in South Africa[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2016, 39:155-169.
[49] Gray C, Frankenberg E, Gillespie T, et al. Studying displacement after a disaster using large-scale survey methods:Sumatra after the 2004 Tsunami[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2014, 104(3):594-612.
[50] Betsill M, Bulkeley H. Looking back and thinking ahead:A decade of cities and climate change research[J]. Local Environment, 2007, 12(5):447-456.
[51] Cutter S L, Scott M M S. Revealing the vulnerability of people and places:A case study of Georgetown County, South Carolina[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2000, 90(4):713-737.
[52] Mcgranahan G, Balk D, Anderson B. The rising tide:Assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones[J]. Environment and Urbanization, 2007, 19(1):17-37.
[53] Mcleman R, Herold S, Reljic Z, et al. GIS-based modeling of drought and historical population change on the Canadian Prairies[J]. Journal of Historical Geography, 2010, 36(1):43-56.
[54] Barber J S, Murphy S A, Axinn W G, et al. Discretetime multilevel hazard analysis[J]. Sociological Methodology, 2000, 30(1):201-235.
[55] Odland J, Shumway J M. Interdependencies in the timing of migration and mobility events[J]. Papers in Regional Science, 1993, 72(3):221-237.
[56] Massey D S, Espinosa K E. What's driving Mexico-U.S. migration? A theoretical, empirical, and policy analysis[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1997, 102(4):939-999.
[57] Smith C, Kniveton D, Wood S, et al. Predictive modelling[J]. Forced Migration Review 2008, 31:58-59.
[58] Lee E S. A theory of migration[J]. Demography, 1966, 3(1):47-57.
[59] Mcleman R, Smith B. Migration as an adaptation to climate change[J]. Climatic Change, 2006, 76(1-2):31-53.
[60] Feng S, Krueger A B, Oppenheimer M. Linkages among climate change, crop yields and Mexico-US cross-border migration[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010, 107(32):14257-14262.
[61] Barbieri A F, Domingue E, Queiroz B L, et al. Climate change and population migration in Brazil's Northeast:Scenarios for 2025-2050[J]. Population and Environment, 2010, 31(5):344-370.
[62] Cai R, Feng S, Oppenheimer M, et al. Climate variability and international migration:The importance of the agricultural linkage[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2016, 79:135-151.
[63] Perch-Nielsen S L, Michèle B, Imboden D. Exploring the link between climate change and migration[J]. Climatic Change, 2008, 91(3-4):375-393.
[64] Chiara F, Franco D, Alessandro O. Climate change, agriculture and migration:A survey[J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(5):1-21.
[65] Peng S, Huang J, Sheehy J E, et al. Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2004, 101(27):9971-9975.
[66] Mcmichael C, Barnett J, Mcmichael A J. An ill wind? Climate change, migration, and health[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012, 120(5):646-654.
[67] Badjeck M C, Allison E H, Halls A S, et al. Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery-based livelihoods[J]. Marine Policy, 2010, 34(3):375-383.
[68] McMichael C, Anthony J. Globalization, climate change, and human health[J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2013, 368(14):1335-1343.
[69] Grace K, Davenport F, Funk C, et al. Child malnutrition and climate in Sub-Saharan Africa:An analysis of recent trends in Kenya[J]. Applied Geography, 2012, 35(1-2):405-413.
[70] Afolayan A A, Adelekan I O. The role of climatic variations on migration and human health in Africa[J]. Environmentalist, 1999, 18(4):213-218.
[71] McMichael C. Climate change-related migration and infectious disease[J]. Virulence, 2015(6):548-553.
[72] Banu S, Hu W, Guo Y, et al. Projecting the impact of climate change on dengue transmission in Dhaka, Bangladesh[J]. Environment International, 2014, 63:137-142.
[73] Katie H, Blashki G, Wiseman J, et al. Climate change and mental health:Risks, impacts and priority actions[J]. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2018, 12(1):28.
[74] Tschakert P. Views from the vulnerable:Understanding climatic and other stressors in the Sahel[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2007, 17(3-4):381-396.
[75] Schwerdtle P, Bowen K, Mcmichael C. The health impacts of climate-related migration[J]. BMC Medicine, 2018, 16(1):1.
[76] Harper S. Population-environment interactions:European migration, population composition and climate change[J]. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2013, 55(4):525-541.
[77] Gruber S. Human displacement and climate change in the Asia-Pacific[J]. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 2015, 27(2):65-87.
[78] Frankel D k, Bhattachan A, Suweis S, et al. A universal model for predicting human migration under climate change:Examining future sea level rise in Bangladesh[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2018, 13(6):1-10.
[79] Bunce M, Rosendo S, Brown K. Perceptions of climate change, multiple stressors and livelihoods on marginal African coasts[J]. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2010, 12(3):407-440.
[80] Kaenzig R, Piguet E. Migration and climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean[M]. Berlin:Springer Netherlands, 2014:155-176.
[81] Dasgupta S, Laplante B, Meisner C, et al. The impact of sea level rise on developing countries:A comparative analysis[J]. Climatic Change, 2009, 93(3-4):379-388.
[82] Saldana-Zorrilla S O, Sandberg K. Impact of climate-related disasters on human migration in Mexico:A spatial model[J]. Climatic Change, 2009, 96(1-2):97-118.
[83] Coudrain A, Francou B, Kundzewicz Z W, et al. Glacier shrinkage in the Andes and consequences for water resources[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2005, 50(6):925-932.
[84] Switzerland S, Argentina V B, Canada I B, et al. Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation[R]. Geneva:IPCC, 2012.
[85] Bilsborrow R E. Rural poverty, migration, and the environment in developing countries:Three case studies[M]. Policy Research Working Paper, 1992.
[86] Leighton M. Desertification and migration[M]. London:Ashgate, 2006:45-61.
[87] SansóT B. Joint projections of temperature and precipitation change from multiple climate models:A hierarchical Bayesian approach[J]. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society), 2009, 172(1):83-106.
[88] Pravalie R. Drylands extent and environmental issues. A global approach[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2016, 161:259-278.
[89] Neumann B, Vafeidis A T, Zimmermann J, et al. Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding-a global assessment[J]. Plos One, 2015, 10(3):e0118571.
[90] Mackay A. Climate change 2007:Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability[R]. Geneva:IPCC, 2007.
[91] Nicholls R J, Mimura N. Regional issues raised by sealevel rise and their policy implications[J]. Climate Research, 1998, 11(1):5-18.