以美国虚拟国家实验室（virtual national laboratory，VNL）为研究对象，运用文献研究法和案例分析法，梳理VNL发展路径和管理模式，以高新技术研发与应用转化为主线，总结提炼政府部门统筹协调、多类主体协同联动、高效信息沟通机制下的多主体、跨学科、全链路协同创新运行机制特点。结合VNL经验启示和中国当前矛盾问题，提出应积极探索市场需求牵引、跨产业链、复合型科研项目的创新机制，发挥国家实验室承上启下的衔接作用，撬动产业力量对基础科研形成补充，建立多主体、跨学科的科研需求响应机制等启示建议。

It is a determined measure to promote the innovation strategy of science and technology and cope with the current development challenges to construct a reasonable development plan and an efficient operative mechanism of the national innovation system of systems centering on national laboratories. This paper focuses on the Virtual National Laboratory (VNL) of the US. With this case analysis, the development path and the management model of the VNL are studied. Moreover, the development and the application of high-tech projects, the characteristics of the collaborative innovation operative mechanism are reviewed, including an organic combination of the government coordination and the market operation, the extensive participation of various powers, the effective protection for the intellectual property of innovation achievements, and the efficient information communication mechanism. Finally, related suggestions are proposed, as well as the enlightenments of the VNL and the existing management problems of Chinese major scientific research institutions. Firstly, the innovation mechanism for compound scientific research projects should be explored, which combines the government coordination and the market demands. Secondly, the administration should give full play to the cohesive function of national laboratories to enhance the basic scientific research leveraging industry power. Thirdly, the agile response mechanism of scientific research requirements should be constructed quickly for interdisciplinary and comprehensive projects with multiple stake-owners.