比较了中国与处于创新型国家前列的发达国家的创新能力和水平，分析了新时代中国跻身创新型国家前列的前景和挑战。分析表明：（1）中国研发投入总量、专利和论文数量已经处于创新型国家前列；（2）企业基础研发投入占比、发明专利占比、研发人员密度、论文引用率等指标还与创新型国家差距较大，追赶上有较大难度；（3）知识产权保护和产学研合作水平亟待提高。因此，中国2030—2035年跻身创新型国家前列，关键在于优化创新投入结构，提高创新成果质量。
This article compares China with the forefront innovative countries, and studies the prospects and challenges of China's entry into the forefront in the new era. The main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, China's total R&D investment, the number of patents and papers are already in the forefront. Secondly, there is a big gap between China and innovative countries in terms of indicators such as the proportion of enterprises'basic R&D investment, the ratio of invention patents, the density of R&D personnel, and the citation rate of papers, and it is difficult for the former to catch up the latter. Thirdly, the level of intellectual property protection and industry-university-research cooperation need to be improved. Therefore, the key to China's 2030-2035 ranking among the top innovative countries lies in optimizing the structure of innovation input and improving the quality of innovation results.
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