研究论文

产业技术结构与“卡脖子”技术特征——以高端数控机床为例

  • 梁帅 ,
  • 高继平
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  • 1. 中国科协创新战略研究院, 北京 100038;
    2. 中国科学技术信息研究所, 北京 100038
梁帅,助理研究员,研究方向为技术预见、科学计量学与科技政策,电子信箱:liangshuai@cast.org.cn

收稿日期: 2021-04-08

  修回日期: 2021-06-07

  网络出版日期: 2022-01-08

基金资助

中国科协创新战略研究院院长青年基金项目(2020YZJJ-005)

Industrial technology structure and the bottleneck technique: With CNC machine tools as an example

  • LIANG Shuai ,
  • GAO Jiping
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  • 1. National Academy of Innovation Strategy, Beijing 100038, China;
    2. Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing 100038, China

Received date: 2021-04-08

  Revised date: 2021-06-07

  Online published: 2022-01-08

摘要

为探讨中国“卡脖子”技术形成的原因,以高端数控机床为例,从微观视角分析了“卡脖子”技术结构和产业特征。研究发现中国高端数控机床产业的专利分布呈现科学界和产业界分化现象,技术集成度、复杂度不高并且专利价值较低,竞争能力较弱;高校院所以数控技术为主,技术体系呈现链式结构;领军企业以机床制造为主,技术体系呈现离散型结构。而日本数控机床产业体系以领军企业为主,并且专利呈现较高的技术集中度、关联度,整体技术体系呈现多技术核心的网络结构,数控和制造技术结合度高,具有较强的竞争能力。建议从技术生态体系构建、“卡脖子”技术分类攻关机制、改革评价方式等方面加强现代化产业链锻造,提高安全可靠能力。

本文引用格式

梁帅 , 高继平 . 产业技术结构与“卡脖子”技术特征——以高端数控机床为例[J]. 科技导报, 2021 , 39(24) : 75 -83 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2021.24.009

Abstract

In order to reveal the characteristics of the bottleneck technique, with CNC machine tools as an example, using the case comparison methods, this paper analyzes the patent technology characteristics from a micro perspective based on the patentometrics. It is found that there is a gap between the scientific community and the industry in China. In general, the technology integration is complex and the patent value is in a low level, with weak competitiveness. The universities focus mainly on the CNC technology, with the technology system in a chain structure. The enterprise is mainly based on the machine tool manufacturing, with the technology system in a discrete structure. Japanese CNC machine tools are dominated by leading enterprises, and their patents show a high degree of technological concentration and relevance, with the overall technology system in a network structure of multiple technology cores, with a high degree of combination between the CNC and the manufacturing technology, and with high competitiveness. Finally, to strengthen the forging of the modern industrial chain and improve the safety and the reliability, it is recommended to build a technology ecosystem, with a bottleneck technique classification mechanism, and to reform the evaluation methods.

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