Since the implementation of the western development strategy, great achievements have been made in the economic development, the ecological environment and the social development of the western region. Compared with the southwest region, the development speed of the northwest region slowed down in recent ten years, and the gap between the northwest region and the southwest region has gradually widened. In 2020, the western region will usher in a new pattern of development. How to seize the opportunity, narrow the gap with the southwest region and achieve a high-quality development in the northwest region becomes an important research topic. Firstly, the toughness levels of the 30 cities above the prefecture level in Northwest China from 2008 to 2018 are comprehensively measured by the entropy method, and the difference of the toughness levels among the cities is analyzed. Finally, the main factors affecting the urban toughness are analyzed by the panel regression of the 30 cities, and the conclusions are as follows: (1) The gap of the urban resilience level in Northwest China is gradually widening, generally in the upper-middle level, mainly in the medium and relatively strong level, with few cities with a relatively strong resilience, mainly the provincial capitals, without a city with a strong resilience; (2) The great change in the ranking of some cities is mainly due to the different emphasis on the ecological environment. Strengthening the ecological protection makes the ranking of the cities in Gansu Province move upward, while the ranking of the cities in Shaanxi Province, due to the lack of the investment in the environmental governance, goes downward; (3) Due to the lack of cities with a high toughness level and the insufficient driving effect, the urban toughness in Northwest China shows a spatial distribution pattern of few very high level, some relatively high and low levels; (4) The administrative power and science and technology have the greatest influence on the urban resilience, followed by the economy and the openness. Although the financial and social aspects are very important, they do not have a great influence; (5) Administrative power and science and technology have a significant impact on the social resilience and the infrastructure resilience, a negative impact; the economic factors have a significant impact on the four subsystems, a positive impact; the openness has a positive impact on the economic resilience and the social resilience, while it has a negative impact on the ecological resilience and the infrastructure resilience.
[1] 高大上!海盐启动"全球100韧性城市"项目[EB/OL].(2017-02-20)[2020-08-23]. https://zj.zjol.com.cn/news/562249.html.
[2] 中国四城市入选全球100韧性城市项目[EB/OL].(2017-02-27)[2020-08-23]. http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2017-02/27/nw.D110000zgqnb_20170227_4-12.htm.
[3] 高云虹,张彦淑,杨明婕,等.西部大开发20年:西北地区与西南地区的对比[J].区域经济评论, 2020(5):36-51.
[4] Holling C S. Resilience and tability of ecological systems[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1973, 4(4):1-23.
[5] Berkes F, Folke C. Linking social and ecological systems for resilience and sustainability[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1998:13-20.
[6] Carpenter S, Walker B, Anderies J M, et al. From metaphor to measurement:resilience of what to what[J]. Ecosystems, 2001, 4(8):765-781.
[7] Folke C. Resilience:The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2006, 16(3):253-267.
[8] Safa M, Jorge R, Eugenia K, et al. Modeling sustainability:Population, inequality, consumption, and bidirectional coupling of the earth and human systems[J]. National Science Review, 2016, 3(12):470-494.
[9] 陈韶清,夏安桃.长江中游城市群城市韧性与规模关系的时空分析[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 2020, 43(3):10-17.
[10] 周倩,刘德林.长三角城市群城市韧性与城镇化水平耦合协调发展研究[J].水土保持研究, 2020, 27(4):286-292.
[11] 张明斗,冯晓青.长三角城市群内各城市的城市韧性与经济发展水平的协调性对比研究[J].城市发展研究, 2019, 26(1):82-91.
[12] 朱金鹤,孙红雪.中国三大城市群城市韧性时空演进与影响因素研究[J].软科学, 2020, 34(2):72-79.
[13] 程皓,阳国亮,纪晓君,等.中国十大城市群城市韧性与环境压力脱钩关系研究[J].统计与决策, 2019, 35(7):79-83.
[14] 张明斗,李维露.东北地区城市韧性水平的空间差异与收敛性研究[J].工业技术经济, 2020, 39(5):3-12.
[15] 张鹏,于伟,张延伟,等.山东省城市韧性的时空分异及其影响因素[J].城市问题, 2018(9):27-34.
[16] 张慧,刘耀龙,冯洁瑶,等.城市化质量、城市韧性对洪涝灾害风险的影响——基于山西11个地级市面板数据[J].经济问题, 2020(4):114-120.
[17] 于洋,吴茸茸,谭新,等.平疫结合的城市韧性社区建设与规划应对[J].规划师, 2020, 36(6):94-97.
[18] 臧鑫宇,王峤.城市韧性的概念演进、研究内容与发展趋势[J].科技导报, 2019, 37(22):94-104.
[19] 刘严萍,王慧飞,钱洪伟,等.城市韧性:内涵与评价体系研究[J].灾害学, 2019, 34(01):8-12.
[20] 白立敏,修春亮,冯兴华,等.中国城市韧性综合评估及其时空分异特征[J].世界地理研究, 2019, 28(6):77-87.
[21] 张明斗,冯晓青.中国城市韧性度综合评价[J].城市问题, 2018(10):27-36.
[22] 刘强,杨东.高铁网络对西北城市旅游经济联系的空间影响[J].地域研究与开发, 2019, 38(1):95-99.
[23] 屈小爽."丝绸之路经济带"西北旅游城市旅游效率评价[J].统计与决策, 2017(10):70-74.
[24] 杨发鹏,张雪唱,李宗阳,等.城市旅游"三生"竞争力空间分异——以西北地区为例[J].干旱区地理, 2019, 42(3):664-672.
[25] 张雯,纪俊,何剑,等.丝绸之路经济带西北沿线城市产业结构趋同性分析[J].商业经济研究, 2016(22):205-207.
[26] 单菲菲,罗晶.新时代城市民族互嵌式社区的建设与治理——基于西北地区四个社区的调查[J].中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2019, 39(3):13-17.
[27] 沙彦奋.从"围寺而居"到"互嵌型社区"——西北民族地区城市回族社区及其结构的历史变迁[J].黑龙江民族丛刊, 2017(6):46-52.
[28] 祁虹.近代以来西北城市穆斯林公共领域的转型及内在机制[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版), 2018, 55(1):129-135.
[29] 郭倩倩,张志斌,师晶,等.中国西北地区城市网络结构的时空演变——基于铁路客运流视角的分析[J].城市问题, 2019(9):19-27.
[30] 冯斌,陈晓键.西北中小城市建设用地增长的特征、动因及其分类引导[J].干旱区地理, 2019, 42(2):376-384.
[31] 赵梦圆,王建龙,苏选军,等.西北干旱地区海绵城市建设途径探讨[J].环境工程, 2019, 37(7):18-24.
[32] 朱江,王国玉,马竣才,等.西北地区海绵城市建设"治山"模式初探——以西宁市海绵城建设试点13排水分区总体规划为例[J].中国园林, 2018, 34(增刊1):33-38.
[33] 赵逸超,王正中,刘铨鸿,等.西北旱区海绵城市建设中雨洪资源量分析[J].中国农村水利水电, 2017(10):18-22.
[34] 杨燕萍,陈强,王莉娜,等.西北工业城市冬季PM_(2.5)污染特征及理化性质[J].环境科学, 2020, 41(12):5267-5275.
[35] 毛潇萱,李子璇,宋世杰,等.我国西北工业区城市大气多氯联苯来源及健康风险[J].环境科学,2020, 41(12):5352-5361.
[36] 李扬,谭全银,董庆银,等.中国西北典型城市西宁生活垃圾产生及回收[J].环境污染与防治, 2020, 42(3):385-388, 394.
[37] 谭俊涛,赵宏波,刘文新,等.中国区域经济韧性特征与影响因素分析[J].地理科学, 2020, 40(2):173-181.
[38] 李建龙,孙钰.京津冀城市韧性的时空演变及提升策略研究[J].城市, 2020(9):16-25.
[39] 冯洁瑶,刘耀龙,王军,等.经济发展水平、环境压力对城市韧性的影响——基于山西省11个地级市面板数据[J].生态经济, 2020, 36(9):101-106+163.
[40] 李卫兵,涂蕾.中国城市绿色全要素生产率的空间差异与收敛性分析[J].城市问题, 2017(9):55-63.
[41] 张婷婷.江苏省城市经济韧性的时空演变特征研究[J].无锡商业职业技术学院学报, 2018, 18(3):1-8.
