In the background of the "dual carbon" policy, to further clarify the summer thermal environment characteristics of the waterfront settlement in the cold areas of China, the Landsat-8 remote sensing images and the impact factors of 91 typical waterfront settlements in Tianjin, along with the correlation analysis and the multiple linear regression method are used to obtain the characteristics of the thermal environment. It is shown that the thermal environment regulation effect of the planar water is better than that of the linear water, with the difference of the UHI effect up to 1.57℃. The UHI effect has a significant positive correlation with the building density (BD) and the waterfront distance (WD), and is significantly negatively correlated with the average building height (H), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the water surface ratio within a radius of 1 km (WR), with the NDVI and the WR having the highest influence weight. There are differences in the influencing factors of the UHI effect in the settlement with different building layouts. The lattice-type settlement has the lowest UHI effect, and the enclosed-type settlement has the highest UHI effect. When the BD is less than 19.08%, the thermal environment can be adjusted well by reducing the WD and increasing the WR. Finally, recommendations for the thermal environment improvement of the waterfront settlements in cold regions are made.
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