运动对人类共情的影响及其认知神经机制研究进展

满晓霞; 林萱; 魏高峡; 李佑发

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.10.003

科技导报 >

2022 , Vol. 40 >Issue 10: 30 - 38

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.10.003

专题：运动行为与大脑健康

运动对人类共情的影响及其认知神经机制研究进展

满晓霞 ,
林萱 ,
魏高峡 ,
李佑发

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1. 北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心, 北京 100875;
2. 山东省体育科学研究中心, 济南 250102;
3. 中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室, 北京 100101;
4. 中国科学院大学心理系, 北京 100049

满晓霞,助理研究员,研究方向为运动认知神经科学,电子信箱:201931630003@mail.bnu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2022-01-17

修回日期: 2022-04-20

网络出版日期: 2022-07-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（31671163）；中国科学技术协会学科发展项目（2018XKFZ03）；中国科学院心理研究所项目（Y9CX402008）；中国科学院心理健康重点实验室开放课题；中国科学院行为科学重点实验室开放课题

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The effects of exercise on human empathy: Research progress, prospect and cognitive neural mechanism

MAN Xiaoxia ,
LIN Xuan ,
WEI Gaoxia ,
LI Youfa

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1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2. Shandong Provincial Sports Science Research Center, Jinan 250102, China;
3. CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
4. Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2022-01-17

Revised date: 2022-04-20

Online published: 2022-07-20

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摘要

运动兴趣和运动方式可以正向预测共情能力，而运动经验、运动量与共情的关系则尚不清晰。综述了运动促进共情的认知神经机制的两条通路，包括运动通过激活镜像神经系统促进情感共情、运动通过促进认知控制系统促进认知共情；总结了当前研究的不足：研究设计不够严格，研究样本缺乏同质性，现有研究结果难以比较；研究对象多集中于健康人群，对临床等特殊人群关注不够；运动影响共情的认知神经机制研究方面，目前采用的技术还较为单一，数据可重复性方面存在局限。建议未来加强3个方面的研究：（1）严格把控实验设计，明确运动兴趣、运动经验、运动量和运动方式等改善共情不同成分的剂量效应；（2）尝试开发自闭症、阿尔茨海默症等共情受损人群运动处方；（3）推动学科交叉融合与技术创新，深化运动对共情影响的认知神经机制研究。

关键词： 运动; 共情; 认知神经机制

本文引用格式

满晓霞 , 林萱 , 魏高峡 , 李佑发 . 运动对人类共情的影响及其认知神经机制研究进展[J]. 科技导报, 2022 , 40(10) : 30 -38 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.10.003

Abstract

The empathy is the ability to perceive and understand other people's emotions and intentions and to respond accordingly, and it is of great significance for human beings to establish and maintain social relations. A large number of studies have shown that the exercise can promote the empathy. Specifically, it is known that, from the exercise interest and the exercise mode, one can positively predict the empathy, while the relationship between the exercise experience, the exercise volume, and the empathy is not clear; The exercise promotes the empathy through two possible cognitive neural mechanisms:The exercise promotes the emotional empathy by activating the mirror nervous system, and the exercise promotes the cognitive empathy by promoting the cognitive control system. However, this hypothesis still lacks adequate evidences. Generally, more evidences are needed to solve the following problems:Current research results are not comparable due to their different and insufficient research designs; Most of the studies focused on the healthy people while ignoring the clinical people who need to improve their empathy; In the most researches of the cognitive neural mechanism, only one technology instead of the multimodal imaging technology is used, with the limitations in the data repeatability. It is suggested that future researches should:1) further refine the experimental design, clarify the dose-effects of the exercise interest, the exercise experience, and the exercise volume on different components of the empathy; 2) pay attention to the development of the exercise prescriptions for people with empathy defects such as the autism and Alzheimer's disease; 3) promote interdisciplinary integration and technological innovation, and deepen the research of the cognitive neural mechanism of the impact of the exercise on the empathy.

Key words： exercise; empathy; cognitive neural mechanism

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