20世纪上半叶是中国自然科学研究走向世界的开拓时期，考察这一时期中国研究人员的SCI论文，可从实证视角揭示中国自然科学研究国际化进程的特征状况，获得有益的历史反思。研究发现：科学家、经费和设施是科学活动的保障；科研机构和学科布局马太效应显著；重技轻理的实用思维导致医学、生物与化学成为研究热点；动荡时局下科学中心由北京移至云南，说明人才对科学发展至关重要，其次才是其他资源和条件发挥作用；起步阶段即保持较高的国际科研合作说明，科学研究面向世界不但必要而且必须。
The first half of the 20th century is the pioneering period for the globalization of the Chinese natural science research. Based on a review of Chinese papers in the Science Citation Index during this period, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the globalization process with a historical reflections from an empirical perspective. It is shown that the scientists, the funds and the facilities are important factors for the scientific activities; the Matthew effect for the scientific institutions and the disciplines is remarkable; with the dominant idea of putting the emphasis on the technology rather than the science, the research hotspots are on the medicine, the biology, and the chemistry; the science center moves from Beijing to Yunnan in the turbulent times, which indicates that the talents are the most essential for the science, followed by other resources and conditions; and a high level of the international scientific cooperation in the initial stage is indispensable for the global scientific research. The unique history of the initial stage of the Chinese natural science research provides an important enlightenment for the progress of the science and the technology and the social development today.
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