2022年1月15日世界标准时间4∶14，位于南太平洋汤加俯冲带火山链区域的Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai（HTHH，175.39°W，20.55°S）火山爆发并激发全球性海啸。聚焦火山喷发和海啸波的观测方法，介绍了海底传感器、大气波变化卫星图、电离层扰动对火山喷发和海啸的最新监测结果。结合该区域的地质构造与火山喷发历史资料，综述了2022年汤加HTHH火山喷发引起的海啸特征、最新观测手段，提出了对俯冲带火山海啸等进行详细的海洋地球物理调查、基于观测综合量化研究海底火山大规模喷发对全球气候的潜在影响等建议。
The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH, 175.39°W, 20.55°S) volcano, which locates in the region of the volcanic chain of the southern Pacific Tonga subduction region, erupted on 15 January 2022, at 04:14 UTC. In this study, we review the state-of-the-art observations of the volcanic eruption and the triggered tsunami waves associated with the 2022 HTHH event, including submarine sensors, barograms, atmospheric wave observation from varies of satellites, and ionospheric disturbance. Together with the local geological setting and volcanic eruption history, we analyze the characteristics of the volcanic eruption and tsunamis feature of the HTHH event. Finally, we specify the prospects and direction of future research in marine geological hazards of global subduction zones, which includes detailed marine geophysical survey and comprehensive quantitative study of the potential impact of large-scale submarine volcanic eruption on global climate based on the latest observations.
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