[1] 李静. 血管危险因素及脑缺血对老年性痴呆认知功能影响的研究[D]. 重庆: 第三军医大学, 2007.
[2] Hirtz D G, Thurman D J, Gwinn-Hardy K, et al. How common are the "common" neurologic disorders?[J]. Neurology, 2007, 68(5): 326-337.
[3] Jia L F, Du Y, Chu L F, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: a cross-sectional study[J]. The Lancet Public Health, 2020, 5(12):e661-e671.
[4] Jia J P, Wei C B, Chen S Q, et al. The cost of Alzheimer's disease in China and re-estimation of costs worldwide[J]. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 2018, 14(4): 483-491.
[5] Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease[J]. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006, 2006(1): CD005593.
[6] Alva G, Cummings J L. Relative tolerability of Alzheimer's disease treatments[J]. Psychiatry-interpersonal & Biological Processes, 2008, 5(11): 27-36.
[7] Ali T B, Schleret T R, Reilly B M, et al. Adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors in dementia, according to the pharmacovigilance databases of the United-States and Canada[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(12): e0144337.
[8] Weller J, Budson A. Current understanding of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment[J]. F1000Research, 2018, doi: 10.12688/f1000research.14506.1.
[9] De Freitas L F, Hamblin M R. Proposed mechanisms of photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2016, 22(3): 348-364.
[10] Chow R T, Johnson M I, Lopes-Martins R A, et al. Effi cacy of low-level laser therapy in the manage-ment of neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet, 2009, 374(9705): 1897-908.
[11] Schiffer F, Johnston A L, Ravichandran C, et al. Psycholog-ical benefits 2 and 4 weeks after a single treatment with near infrared light to the forehead: A pilot study of 10 patients with major depression and anxiety[J]. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 2009, doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-5-46.
[12] Hamblin M R. Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation[J]. AIMS Biophys, 2017, 4(3): 337-361.
[13] Mcguff P E. Tumoricidal effect of laser radiation on malignant tumors[J]. International Ophthalmology Clinics, 1966, 6(2): 379-386.
[14] El Massri N, Moro C, Torres N, et al. Near-infrared light treatment reduces astrogliosis in MPTP-treated monkeys[J]. Experimental brain research, 2016, 234(11): 3225-3232.
[15] Wu C, Yang L, Li Y, et al. Effects of exercise training on anxious-depressive-like behavior in alzheimer rat[J]. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2020, 52(7): 1456-1469.
[16] Wu C, Yang L, Tucker D, et al. Beneficial effects of exercise pretreatment in a sporadic Alzheimer's rat model[J]. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2018, 50(5): 945-956.
[17] Yang L D, Youngblood H, Wu C Y, et al. Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation[J]. Translational Neurodegeneration, 2020, 9(1): 19.
[18] Agostinho P, Cunha R A, Oliveira C. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2010, 16(25): 2766-2778.
[19] Mintzopoulos D, Gillis T E, Tedford C E, et al. Effects of near-infrared light on cerebral bioenergetics measured with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2017, 35(8): 395-400.
[20] Lu Y J, Wang R M, Dong Y, et al. Low-level laser therapy for beta amyloid toxicity in rat hippocampus[J]. Neurobiology of Aging, 2017, 49: 165-182.
[21] Swerdlow R H, Burns J M, Khan S M. The Alzheimer's disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis: Progress and perspectives[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 2014, 1842(8): 1219-1231.
[22] Weidling I, Swerdlow R H. Mitochondrial dysfunction and stress responses in Alzheimer's disease[J]. Biology, 2019, doi: 10.3390/biology8020039.
[23] Lee H I, Lee S W, Kim S Y, et al. Pretreatment with light-emitting diode therapy reduces ischemic brain injury in mice through endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanisms[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2017, 486(4): 945-950.
[24] Charriaut-Marlangue C, Bonnin P, Pham H, et al. Nitric oxide signaling in the brain: A new target for inhaled nitric oxide[J]. Annals of Neurology, 2013, 73(4): 442-448.
[25] Cury V, Moretti A I S, Assis L, et al. Low level laser therapy increases angiogenesis in a model of ischemic skin flap in rats mediated by VEGF, HIF-1α and MMP-2[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2013, 125: 164-170.
[26] Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Perluigi M, et al. Oxidative stress, protein modification and Alzheimer disease[J]. Brain Research Bulletin, 2017, 133: 88-96.
[27] Mungrue I N, Mansoor H, Stewart D J. The role of NOS in heart failure: Lessons from murine genetic models[J]. Heart Failure Reviews, 2002, 7(4): 407-22.
[28] Ahmed I, Bose S K, Pavese N, et al. Glutamate NMDA receptor dysregulation in Parkinson's disease with dyskinesias[J]. Brain, 2011, 134(4): 979-986.
[29] Storz P. Mitochondrial ROS-radical detoxification, mediated by protein kinase D[J]. Trends in Cell Biology, 2007, 17(1): 13-18.
[30] Lim W, Kim J, Kim S, et al. Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF- κB signaling pathway by 635 nm irradiation via heat shock protein 27 in human gingival fibroblast cells[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2013, 89(1): 199-207.
[31] Yamaura M, Yao M, Yaroslavsky I, et al. Low-level light effects on inflammatory cytokine production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2009, 41(4): 282-290.
[32] Marte A, Messa M, Benfenati F, et al. Synapsins are downstream players of the BDNF-mediated axonal growth[J]. Molecular Neurobiology, 2017, 54(1): 484-494.
[33] Meng C, He Z, Xing D. Low-level laser therapy rescues dendrite atrophy via upregulating BDNF expression: Implications for Alzheimer's disease[J]. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2013, 33(33): 13505-13517.
[34] Ling Q, Meng C, Chen Q, et al. Activated ERK/FOXM1 pathway by low-power laser irradiation inhibits UVB-induced senescence through down-regulating p21 expression[J]. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2014, 229(1): 108-116.
[35] Tao L C, Liu Q, Zhang F L, et al. Microglia modulation with 1070-nm light attenuates Aβ burden and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mouse model[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41377-021-00617-3.
[36] Yang L D, Wu C Y, Parker E, et al. Non-invasive photobiomodulation treatment in an Alzheimer Disease-like transgenic rat model[J]. Theranostics, 2022, 12(5): 2205-2231.
[37] Clarke L E, Liddelow S A, Chakraborty C, et al. Normal aging induces A1-like astrocyte reactivity[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115(8): E1896-E1905.
[38] Yao K, Zu H B. Microglial polarization: novel therapeutic mechanism against Alzheimer's disease[J]. Inflammopharmacology, 2020, 28(1): 95-110.
[39] Grimaldi A, Pediconi N, Oieni F, et al. Neuroinflammatory processes, A1 astrocyte activation and protein aggregation in the retina of Alzheimer's disease patients, possible biomarkers for early diagnosis[J]. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2019, doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00925.
[40] Park H J, Oh S H, Kim H N, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells enhance α -synuclein clearance via M2 microglia polarization in experimental and human parkinsonian disorder[J]. Acta Neuropathologica, 2016, 132(5): 685-701.
[41] De Taboada L, Yu J, El-Amouri S, et al. Transcranial laser therapy attenuates amyloid-β peptide neuropathology in amyloid- β protein precursor transgenic mice[J]. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD, 2011, 23(3): 521-535.
[42] Grillo S L, Duggett N A, Ennaceur A, et al. Non-invasive infra-red therapy (1072 nm) reduces β -amyloid protein levels in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model, TASTPM[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2013, 123: 13-22.
[43] Farfara D, Tuby H, Trudler D, et al. Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, 2015, 55(2): 430-436.
[44] Blivet G, Meunier J, Roman F J, et al. Neuroprotective effect of a new photobiomodulation technique against Aβ 25-35 peptide-induced toxicity in mice: novel hypothesis for therapeutic approach of Alzheimer's disease suggested[J]. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 2018, 4: 54-63.
[45] Purushothuman S, Johnstone D M, Nandasena C, et al. Photobiomodulation with near infrared light mitigates Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in cerebral cortex - evidence from two transgenic mouse models[J]. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 2014, doi: doi: 10.1186/alzrt232.
[46] Purushothuman S, Johnstone D M, Nandasena C, et al. Near infrared light mitigates cerebellar pathology in transgenic mouse models of dementia[J]. Neuroscience Letters, 2015, 591: 155-159.
[47] Da Luz Eltchechem C, Salgado A S I, Zângaro R A, et al. Transcranial LED therapy on amyloid-β toxin 25-35 in the hippocampal region of rats[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2017, 32(4): 749-756.
[48] 黄琼. 老年阿尔茨海默病神经内科诊断及治疗研究[J].当代医学, 2018(5): 35-36.
[49] Wijesinghe P, Shankar S K, Yasha T C, et al. Vascular contributions in Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathological changes: First autopsy evidence from a South Asian aging population[J]. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2016, 54(4): 1607-1618.
[50] Shcherbatykh I, Carpenter D O. The role of metals in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease[J]. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2007, 11(2): 191-205.
[51] Saltmarche A E, Naeser M A, Ho K F, et al. Significant improvement in cognition in mild to moderately severe dementia cases treated with transcranial plus intranasal photobiomodulation: Case series report[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2017, 35(8): 432-441.
[52] Berman M H, Halper J P, Nichols T W, et al. Photobiomodulation with near infrared light helmet in a pilot, placebo controlled clinical trial in dementia patients testing memory and cognition[J]. Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience, 2017, doi: 10.21767/2171-6625.1000176.
[53] Arakelyan H S. Treatment of alzheimer's disease with a combination of laser, magnetic field and chromo light(colour) therapies: A double-blind controlled trial based on a review and overview of the etiological pathophysiology of alzheimer's disease[J]. Laser Therapy, 2005, 14(1): 19-28.
[54] De Taboada I V. Dementia and cognitive impairment reduction after laser transcatheter treatment of Alzheimer's disease[J]. World Journal of Neuroscience, 2015, 5(3): 189-203.
[55] Chao L L. Effects of home photobiomodulation treatments on cognitive and behavioral function, cerebral perfusion, and resting-state functional connectivity in patients with dementia: a pilot trial[J]. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 2019, 37(3): 133-141.
[56] 李昕, 谢佳利, 侯永捷, 等 . 脑电特征分析在阿尔茨海默症临床研究中的应用[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2016, 35(2): 234-240.
[57] Zomorrodi R, Saltmarcheet A E, Loheswaran G, et al. Complementary EEG evidence for a significantly improved Alzheimer's disease case after photobiomodulation treatment[J]. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2017, 13(7): P621.
[58] Henderson T A, Morries L D. Near-infrared photonic energy penetration: Can infrared phototherapy effectively reach the human brain? [J]. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2015, 11: 2191-2208.
[59] Yuan Y, Cassano P, Pias M, et al. Transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light from childhood to elderliness: simulation of dosimetry[J]. Neurophotonics, 2020, 7(1): 015009.
[60] Tian F, Varghese J, Tran A, et al. Effects of wavelength on transcranial laser stimulation: a Monte Carlo simulation study based on standard brain model (Conference Presentation) [C]//Proceedings Volume 11221, Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation Therapy XV. San Francisco: SPIE, 2020, doi: 10.1117/12.2545286.