Based on the data of three pilot field trials in two years, the main agronomic characters of 41 representative mung bean germplasm resources collected from 10 provinces and regions in China were evaluated, and the phenotypic genetic diversity and resistance level of these resources to mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease and powdery mildew were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity of 41 mung bean germplasm resources was rich, with the genetic diversity index ranging from 0.321 to 2.039. The genetic diversity of quantitative traits was significantly higher than that of quality traits. The diversity index of 100-seeds weight was the highest, and the diversity index of pod length was the lowest. The diversity index of flower color was the highest and that of mature pod color was the lowest among the quality traits. The 41 germplasm resources were grouped into five groups by cluster analysis. The first group were mainly dwarf, erect and early-maturing resources, which could be used as excellent parent materials for breeding. The second group were mainly large-seeded materials, which could be used to improve the grain size of mung bean. The third group were mainly black seed materials, which could be used as characteristic breeding materials. The fourth and fifth groups were mainly disease-resistant materials, which could be used as parent materials for mining mung bean yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew disease-resistant genes. Among the 41 germplasm resources, 9 mediumly resistant genotypes, 4 resistant genotypes were identified to mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease, 11 mediumly resistant genotypes, 4 resistant genotypes and 1 highly resistant genotype were identified to powdery mildew. The principal component analysis (PCA) of qualitative and quantitative traits suggested that five principal component factors might contribute 71.95% of phenotypic variation.
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