针对常压页岩气经济开发面临的压裂改造效果差、多簇均衡扩展控制及配套暂堵机制认识不清、低成本高效压裂技术体系尚未形成等问题，基于常压页岩气储层特征及压裂技术现状开展常压页岩气低成本高效压裂技术对策的研究。研究认为低成本、密切割、多级暂堵、高强度连续加砂及提高有效改造体积是常压页岩气高效压裂需持续优化的重要方向；优化压裂费用构成及采用新工艺、新方法是降本增效的有效途径，其中多级固井滑套压裂技术很可能是有效途径之一；簇间距对压裂效果影响较大，推荐范围为5~10 m；提高暂堵球数量、暂堵次数及采取中前期投球暂堵可提高缝口暂堵效果；应力差越高所需要的缝内暂堵次数越多；天然裂缝密度>0.5条/m时，施工中期加入暂堵剂，天然裂缝密度<0.5条/m时，施工前期加入暂堵剂对提高缝内暂堵效果有利；采用粒径小于40/70目的暂堵剂，用黏度大于12 mPa·s的压裂液在 12 m³/min 及以上的排量以小于0.1的体积分数进行投放可以增强缝内暂堵效果；采用140/200目（10%）+70/140目（30%）+ 40/70目（60%）的石英砂组合及7%的综合砂液比既能保证导流能力需求又利于降本。
In view of the problems of poor development effect, unclear understanding of multi-cluster fracturing equilibrium expansion control and temporary plugging mechanism, and low-cost and high-efficiency fracturing technology system that has not yet been formed in the economic development of normal hydrostatic pressure shale gas，and based on reservoir characteristics and technology development status, low-cost and high-efficiency fracturing technology countermeasures for normal hydrostatic pressure gas are carried out. The results present that low cost, dense clusters, multi-stage temporary plugging, high-strength continuous pumping sand and increasing ESRV are the directions for continuous optimization of high-efficiency fracturing technology for normal hydrostatic pressure shale gas. Optimizing fracturing cost composition and applying new technologies are effective ways to reduce costs and enhancing production. The cluster spacing has a great influence on the fracturing effect, and the recommended range is 5-10 m. Plugging in the middle and early stage and increasing the plugging times can improve the temporary plugging effect. The higher the stress difference, the more times the temporary plugging is required to increase SRV. To improve the plugging effect, the beneficial time for plugging agent injection is in the middle of the construction for reservoirs with natural fractures density more than 0.5 fracture/m, while the beneficial time is in the early stage of construction for reservoirs with natural fractures density less than 0.5 fracture/m. Temporary plugging agent with particle size smaller than 40/70 mesh, fracturing fluid with viscosity greater than 12mPa·s, and pumping rate greater than 12m³/min with volume fraction less than 0.1 can enhance plugging fracturing effect. The quartz sand combination of 140/200 mesh (10%) + 70/140 mesh (30%) + 40/70 mesh (60%) and the ratio of sand and liquid greater than 7% are recommended to reduce the cost and to increase the production.
[1] 赵文智, 贾爱林, 位云生, 等. 中国页岩气勘探开发进展及发展展望[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2020, 25(1): 31-44.
[2] 郭旭升, 胡东风, 段金宝 . 中国南方海相油气勘探展望[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 675-686.
[3] 方志雄. 中国南方常压页岩气勘探开发面临的挑战及对策[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2019, 9(5): 1-13.
[4] 聂海宽, 汪虎, 何治亮, 等 . 常压页岩气形成机制、分布规律及勘探前景: 以四川盆地及其周缘五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(2): 131-143, 164.
[5] 彭勇民, 龙胜祥, 何希鹏, 等. 彭水地区常压页岩气储层特征及有利区评价[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2020, 10(5): 12-19.
[6] 段承琏, 魏风玲, 魏瑞玲, 等. 彭水区块常压页岩气高效排采技术研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2020, 10(1): 64-70, 112.
[7] 何希鹏, 齐艳平, 何贵松, 等. 渝东南构造复杂区常压页岩气富集高产主控因素再认识[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2019, 9(5): 32-39.
[8] 何希鹏, 张培先, 房大志, 等. 渝东南彭水—武隆地区常压页岩气生产特征[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2018, 25(5): 72-79.
[9] Galchenko R. Completion and stimulation trends in North American unconventional plays and resulting impact on well productivity[J]. Drilling Engineering, 2021, 48(10): 1-12.
[10] 夏永江, 于荣泽, 卞亚南, 等 . 美国 Appalachian 盆地Marcellus页岩气藏开发模式综述[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2014, 14(20): 152-161.
[11] 高世葵, 朱文丽, 殷诚 . 页岩气资源的经济性分析: 以Marcellus 页岩气区带为例[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34(6): 141-148.
[12] 郭彤楼, 蒋恕, 张培先, 等 . 四川盆地外围常压页岩气勘探开发进展与攻关方向[J]. 石油实验地质, 2020, 42(5): 837-845.
[13] 付永红, 蒋裕强, 董大忠, 等 . 渝西区块页岩气储集层微观孔-缝配置类型及其地质意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(5): 916-927.
[14] 苟启洋, 徐尚, 郝芳, 等 . 基于成像测井的泥页岩裂缝研究: 以焦石坝区块为例[J]. 地质科技通报, 2020, 39(6): 193-200.
