梳理了近10年中国镍矿的地质勘查投入、地质勘查进展、储量变化以及开发利用情况,概述了当前国内镍工业产业结构及生产工艺,总结了镍的国内消费结构和国际进出口贸易,分析了中国对镍的需求形势,得出结论:中国是贫镍国,也是镍的消费大国,目前中国镍消费结构中,不锈钢占比67.5%,传统需求领域保持稳定;中国镍资源的对外依存度长期处于80%以上,主要进口来源国为菲律宾和印度尼西亚;从国内来说,当前镍矿地勘投资及地勘实物工作量较2010年下降超75%,矿山达产率50.2%,中国镍矿勘查增储、开采上产还有较大的提升潜力。展望未来,新能源汽车电池领域将驱动新兴镍需求的爆发式增长,提出了需扩大镍矿进口来源、降低集中度,加强中国企业在海外的统一协调、保障整体产业链健康可持续发展,制定和完善回收利用标准体系等进一步为国家镍资源的供需平衡规避风险的建议。

Nickel as a strategic mineral officially designated by China plays an important role in ensuring national resource security, national defense security, and economic security, and meeting the need of China's strategic emerging industry development. This article summarizes the geological exploration investment, geological exploration progress, reserve changes, and development and utilization of nickel mines in China in the past decade. It outlines the current domestic nickel industry structure and production process, summarizes the domestic consumption structure and international import and export trade of nickel. By analyzing China's demand for nickel, it concludes that China is a nickel poor country yet a major consumer of nickel. Currently, stainless steel accounts for 67.5% of the China's nickel consumption structure, traditional demand areas remain stable. China's external dependence on nickel resources has long been above 80%, with the main import sources being the Philippines and Indonesia. From a domestic perspective, the current investment and physical workload of nickel ore exploration have decreased by over 75% compared to 2010. The mining industry has achieved a production rate of 50.2%, and there is still great potential for improvement in the exploration, storage, and mining of nickel deposits in China. In the near future, the field of new energy vehicle batteries will drive an explosive growth of emerging nickel demand. Suggestions are put forward to expand the sources of nickel ore imports, reduce concentration, strengthen the unified coordination of Chinese enterprises overseas, ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the overall industry chain, and formulate and improve the recycling and utilization standard system to further balance the supply and demand of national nickel resources and avoid risks.