经过半个多世纪的发展，聚丙烯腈（PAN）基碳纤维经历3代产品的发展，2010年以来研发成功的第3代碳纤维实现了高强度和高刚度特性的有效结合，有望成为未来高性能碳纤维材料发展的重点。介绍了PAN基碳纤维的发展阶段及主要制造商，阐述了兼具高强度和高模量特征的第3代碳纤维的研发背景。同时介绍了国内外在第3代碳纤维领域的发展历程，展望了碳纤维的未来研发方向，随着2024年初东丽M46X型碳纤维研发成功，第3代碳纤维产品序列有望进一步拓展；此外，面向太空电梯等前沿领域，国外也在开发更高强度碳纤维。
Through more than half a century of development, three generations of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers have emerged successively. Since 2010, the third-generation carbon fibers have been successfully developed and achieved an effective combination of high strength and high stiffness characteristics, which are expected to become a priority for the future high-performance carbon fibers. In this article, the development stages and main manufacturers of PAN-based carbon fibers were introduced first. The research background of the third-generation carbon fiber, which combines high strength and high modulus, was elaborated subsequently. Then, the development process of the third-generation carbon fiber at home and abroad was reviewed in detail. Finally, the future development direction of carbon fiber was discussed. With the successful development of Toray M46X carbon fiber in early 2024, the product series of the third-generation carbon fiber is expected to further expand. In addition, for cutting-edge fields such as cable materials for space elevators, foreign countries are also developing carbon fibers of higher strength.
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