约翰·米尔恩对地动仪“都柱”的误译及后续影响

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  • 1.  华北科技学院马克思主义学院,北京 101601

    2.  华北科技学院计算机学院,北京 101601

    3.  华北科技学院理学院,北京 101601

彭超宇,讲师,研究方向为科学技术史、科技哲学,电子信箱:ookami@ncist.edu.cn

薛永红(通信作者),教授,研究方向为科技哲学、科学文化传播,电子信箱:aristotle@ncist.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2024-04-07

  修回日期: 2024-07-01

  网络出版日期: 2024-08-28

基金资助

中央高校基本科研业务费专项(3142020027);国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BZX103)

John Milne's misinterpretation of the Zhang Heng's seismoscope "Du Zhu" and its impact

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  • 1.School of Marxism, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 101601, China

    2.School of Computer, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 101601,  China

    3.School of Science, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing 101601, China

Received date: 2024-04-07

  Revised date: 2024-07-01

  Online published: 2024-08-28

摘要

张衡地动仪“都柱”的复原方案主要有倒立摆、直立杆和悬垂摆3种,其中米尔恩提出的“悬垂摆”方案得到学界更多认可。然而,通过对相关文献的考据和比照印证,发现该方案的出台与米尔恩对“都柱”的误解和误译有关,他使用《后汉书·张衡传》地动仪部分的日文译本,带着“测震原理古今相似”的先入之见,从现代地震学知识出发,将“都柱”反推解释为“悬垂摆”,其理由既不充分,也不必要,且脱离了历史语境;冯锐利用米尔恩方案复原的地动仪虽实现了测震功能,但偏离了原始文本的本意。总之,“悬垂摆”方案因误解而偏离历史,因误译而脱离原本,实现功能却不成功。“都柱”的结构与机理仍未可知,相关研究和诠释依然敞开。

本文引用格式

彭超宇, 范志浩, 薛永红 . 约翰·米尔恩对地动仪“都柱”的误译及后续影响[J]. 科技导报, 0 : 1 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.04.00337

Abstract

There are three main restoration schemes for the "Du Zhu" of Zhang Heng's seismoscope: inverted pendulum scheme, upright rod scheme, and pendulum scheme. Among them, the "pendulum scheme" proposed by John Milne has been more recognized by the academic community. However, through the examination and comparison of relevant literature, it is found that the introduction of this scheme is related to Milne's misunderstanding and mistranslation of "Du Zhu". He adopted Japanese version of the Zhang Heng's seismoscope section of the Later Han Dynasty: Biography of Zhang Heng. He had a preconception that "the ancient principles for measuring earthquakes were similar to those used today", and based on the knowledge of modern seismology. Reasons to interpret "Du Zhu" reversely as "pendulum" is neither sufficient nor necessary, and it is out of historical context. In short, the "pendulum scheme" deviated from history due to misunderstanding, and deviated from the original text due to mistranslation. It achieved the function of "monitoring earthquakes" but still was not a successful scheme. The structure and mechanism of "Du Zhu" are still unknown, relevant researches and interpretations are still open.

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