尾矿成土生态工程:理论与技术

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  • 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085
    2. 中国科学院大学,北京100049
    3. 生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心,北京100029
    4. 澳大利亚昆士兰大学可持续矿业研究中心,澳大利亚布里斯班4072
伍松林,研究员,研究方向为矿区生态修复,电子信箱:slwu@rcees.ac.cn
陈保冬(通信作者),研究员,研究方向为土壤生态学,电子信箱:bdchen@rcees.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2024-05-30

  修回日期: 2024-11-24

  网络出版日期: 2024-12-13

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(42477302);

中国科学院“百人计划”项目;国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1304101)

Ecological engineering of soil formation in mine tailings: Theory and technology#br#

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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
    Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3. Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China
    4. Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia

Received date: 2024-05-30

  Revised date: 2024-11-24

  Online published: 2024-12-13

摘要

矿产资源的开发和利用是维系现代社会经济发展和人类活动的重要基础。然而,近百年来各类矿产资源的开采和加工产生了大量尾矿矿渣,严重威胁着生态环境和人类社会的可持续发展。如何实现尾矿区的生态重建成为实现可持续矿业的关键。在分析传统尾矿生态修复技术不足之处的基础上,提出基于土壤发生学原理的尾矿生态修复新策略,即尾矿成土生态工程。具体而言,本策略将尾矿视为成土母质矿物,通过系统性生态工程手段加速土壤发生,并逐步将尾矿改造成具有多孔物理结构和化学缓冲特性,能够承载一定生态功能的稳定性类土基质,从而实现对尾矿区的生态重建。尾矿成土生态工程需综合考虑尾矿的特性、本地微生物和植物物种资源及气候条件,因地制宜设计技术路线,构建成套技术体系。最后,基于现有研究进展,提出了尾矿成土的关键基础科学问题和技术应用前景。

本文引用格式

伍松林, 付伟, 陈保冬, 吴雨琪, 韩伟, 朱永官, 黄隆斌 . 尾矿成土生态工程:理论与技术[J]. 科技导报, 0 : 1 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.11.01611

Abstract

The exploration and utilization of mineral resources are essential for sustaining the economic development of modernsociety and human activities. However, over the past century, the extraction and processing of various mineral resources haveresulted in the generation of large amounts of mine tailings, posing significant threats to the local ecosystem and the sustainabledevelopment of human society. Ecological rehabilitation in mine tailing areas has become crucial for achieving sustainablemining practices. Building on an analysis of the shortcomings of traditional approaches to ecological restoration of tailings, wepropose a promising strategy rooted in pedogenesis principles for the sustainable rehabilitation of mine tailings. This strategy,termed“ecological engineering of soil formation in mine tailings”, treats tailings as the parent material for soil formation andemploys systematic ecological engineering methodologies to accelerate pedogenesis. The aim of ecological engineering is togradually transform the tailings into a stable soil-like substrates with a porous physical structure and chemical bufferingproperties, capable of supporting specific ecological functions, thus facilitating ecosystem development in the tailing areas.Throughout this process, it's essential to systematically consider the characteristics of the tailings, local microbial and plantspecies, and climatic conditions, in order to design technical routes tailored to local conditions and construct a comprehensivetechnical package. Finally, according to current research progress, we identify key research directions focusing on bothfundamental understanding and technical applications of ecological engineering of soil formation in tailings.

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