三氯咔唑与纳米材料复合污染胁迫对活性污泥微生物的影响

樊晓燕; 张晓晗; 刘元坤; 耿文念; 王亚宝

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01160

科技导报 >

2025 , Vol. 43 >Issue 3: 105 - 114

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01160

研究论文

三氯咔唑与纳米材料复合污染胁迫对活性污泥微生物的影响

樊晓燕 ,
张晓晗 ,
刘元坤 ,
耿文念 ,
王亚宝

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1. 北京工业大学城市建设学部, 北京 100124;
2. 北京工业大学重庆研究院, 重庆 401121

樊晓燕，副教授，研究方向为水污染控制，电子信箱：fanxy@bjut.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2024-03-20

修回日期: 2024-07-21

网络出版日期: 2025-03-07

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（51808013）;重庆市自然科学基金项目（CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1181）

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Impact of 3-chlorocarbazole and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles combined pollution on microbial community in activated sludge

FAN Xiaoyan ,
ZHANG Xiaohan ,
LIU Yuankun ,
GENG Wennian ,
WANG Yabao

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1. Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
2. Chongqing Research Institute of Beijing University of Technology, Chongqing 401121, China

Received date: 2024-03-20

Revised date: 2024-07-21

Online published: 2025-03-07

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摘要

新污染物共暴露会对污水处理厂活性污泥微生物群落结构产生重要影响，但卤代咔唑和纳米材料复合污染对活性污泥系统生态效应的研究尚未开展。选择低（0.05 mg/L）和高（5 mg/L）2种浓度的三氯咔唑（3-chlorocarbazole，3-CCZ）与1 mg/L纳米四氧化三铁（Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles，Fe₃O₄NPs）作为胁迫条件，探究复合污染对活性污泥体系细菌群落的短期影响以及胁迫后体系对低温的响应。结果表明，3-CCZ与Fe₃O₄ NPs复合污染会对微生物群落丰富度产生抑制作用，污染物的添加以及低温环境都会改变微生物群落结构。基于全尺度分类发现各类群微生物中均存在抗性与恢复特性不同的特定菌属，稀有属对污染物的添加更敏感，丰富属中的Saccharimonadales和TM7a一直是优势菌属。利用网络关系图探究6个生物类群间的相互作用，条件稀有菌属（conditionally rare taxa，CRT）与条件丰富菌属（conditionally abundant taxa，CAT）分别是胁迫阶段和低温阶段下的核心分类单元，复合污染胁迫下稀有属与丰富属之间存在着复杂的共现关系。功能微生物中反硝化细菌（denitrifying bacteria，DNB）的相对丰度受到复合污染胁迫影响最显著，尤其低温环境下DNB相对丰度出现大幅上升。高浓度复合污染会引起硝化基因的富集，反硝化功能基因面对复合污染呈现出不同的变化。研究可为污水处理系统卤代咔唑与纳米材料复合污染的风险评价提供新的思路与理论依据。

关键词： 三氯咔唑; 纳米四氧化三铁; 微生物群落; 全尺度分类; 交互作用; 功能微生物

本文引用格式

樊晓燕 , 张晓晗 , 刘元坤 , 耿文念 , 王亚宝 . 三氯咔唑与纳米材料复合污染胁迫对活性污泥微生物的影响[J]. 科技导报, 2025 , 43(3) : 105 -114 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.03.01160

Abstract

Co-exposure of emerging contaminants has important effects on microbial community structure of activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but there are few researches regarding the impact of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCs) and nanomaterials (NPs) combined pollution on activated sludge. In this work two concentrations of 3-chlorocarbazole (3-CCZ, 0.05 mg/L and 5 mg/L) and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs,1 mg/L) were selected to investigate the short-term effects of combined pollution on bacterial community in activated sludge system and the system response to low temperature after stress. The results showed that the combined pollution of 3-CCZ and Fe₃O₄ NPs inhibited the richness of microbial community. Pollutants as well as low temperature altered the microbial community structure. Based on the full-scale classification, specific genera with different resistance and recovery characteristics were found in each taxon. The resistances of abundant taxa to combined pollution were stronger than those of the rare taxa, of which Saccharimonadales and TM7a were always the dominant genera. Using network relationship diagrams to explore the interactions among the six biological taxa, conditionally rare taxa (CRT) and conditionally abundant taxa (CAT) were the core taxonomic units under the stress and low-temperature period, respectively. There was also a complex co-occurrence relationship between rare and abundant taxa under compound pollution stress. The relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria (DNB) among the functional microorganisms was most significantly affected by the combined pollution stress, and the relative abundance of DNB showed a significant increase especially in the low temperature environment. High concentration of combined pollution caused enrichment of nitrification genes, and denitrification functional genes showed different changes. Overall, the study could provide new insight and theoretical basis for risk evaluation of combined pollution of PHCs and NPs in WWTPs.

Key words： 3-chlorocarbazole; Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles; microbial community; full-scale classification; interaction; functional microorganism

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