水稻育种前沿技术及种质创新

车怡帆; 王克剑; 饶玉春; 黄勇

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.03.00106

科技导报 >

2025 , Vol. 43 >Issue 10: 31 - 43

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.03.00106

特色专题

水稻育种前沿技术及种质创新

车怡帆 ^,¹ ,
王克剑 ² ,
饶玉春 ^,¹^,* ,
黄勇 ^,²^,*

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1. 浙江师范大学生命科学学院, 金华 321004
2. 中国水稻研究所, 水稻生物育种全国重点实验室, 杭州 310006

饶玉春（通信作者），教授，研究方向为植物早衰的发生机制及其育种应用，电子信箱：ryc@zjnu.cn

黄勇（共同通信作者），助理研究员，研究方向为无融合生殖固定杂种优势研究，电子信箱：huangyong@caas.cn

车怡帆，硕士研究生，研究方向为水稻无融合生殖潜在基因的挖掘，电子信箱：15936993287@163.com

收稿日期: 2024-12-04

网络出版日期: 2025-06-25

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32101721)

中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-CNRRI)

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202409)

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Advanced techniques in rice breeding and germplasm innovation

Yifan CHE ^,¹ ,
Kejian WANG ² ,
Yuchun RAO ^,¹^,* ,
Yong HUANG ^,²^,*

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1. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
2. China National Rice Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Rice Biological Breeding, Hangzhou 310006, China

Received date: 2024-12-04

Online published: 2025-06-25

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摘要

随着全球人口的快速增长和气候变化带来的挑战，水稻育种面临前所未有的压力。综述了传统育种技术与前沿育种技术在水稻种质创新中的应用，分析了各自的优劣势。传统育种技术如诱变育种、转基因育种和杂交育种，在遗传多样性拓展方面发挥了重要作用，但效率较低，难以满足当前对水稻新品种的需求。相对而言，前沿技术如分子标记辅助选择、基因编辑、分子设计育种和双单倍体育种，在提高育种效率和精准度方面具有巨大潜力，但高成本和法规限制仍是主要障碍。提出了应综合运用多种育种技术，强化基因组学研究，优化基因编辑工具，并加强国际合作，以推动水稻育种的持续创新和发展。融合传统与前沿技术，尤其是现代科技手段，将大幅提升水稻育种效率，并为应对全球粮食安全挑战提供更强支持。

关键词： 水稻育种; 传统育种技术; 前沿育种技术; 种质创新

本文引用格式

车怡帆 , 王克剑 , 饶玉春 , 黄勇 . 水稻育种前沿技术及种质创新[J]. 科技导报, 2025 , 43(10) : 31 -43 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.03.00106

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