托卡马克聚变装置的关键突破与展望

武松涛

doi:10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.03.00046

科技导报 >

2025 , Vol. 43 >Issue 12: 121 - 137

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.03.00046

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托卡马克聚变装置的关键突破与展望

武松涛

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华中科技大学聚变研究中心, 武汉 430074

武松涛，教授，研究方向为核聚变工程，电子信箱: songtao_wu@hust.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2025-03-11

网络出版日期: 2025-07-03

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Key breakthroughs and prospects of Tokamak fusion devices

Songtao WU

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Fusion Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Received date: 2025-03-11

Online published: 2025-07-03

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摘要

综述了国际托卡马克型核聚变装置的发展、现状及未来展望。阐述了聚变能相对其他能源所具有的安全性高、燃料储量丰富、能量密度高、不会产生二氧化碳等温室气体、环境友好等优势；回顾了托卡马克的发展历程，从20世纪50年代托卡马克概念的提出到如今国际热核聚变实验堆的建造，重点介绍在国际上产生过重要影响成果及取得了重要关键技术突破的著名托卡马克装置，如那些验证了可控核聚变的科学可行性，获得了最高聚变能增益，创造了等离子体三乘积世界纪录，获得最高等离子体温度，发现了重要物理现象、机理与机制、发现或提出了新的或先进的运行模式的托卡马克装置；分析了托卡马克聚变堆尚待解决的诸如燃料循环、氚自持、材料等关键科学与技术挑战；最后展望了聚变堆托卡马克的未来发展方向及聚变能商业化前景。旨在为核聚变研究领域提供参考。

关键词： 托卡马克; 核聚变; 聚变能; 聚变堆; 等离子体; 超导

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武松涛 . 托卡马克聚变装置的关键突破与展望[J]. 科技导报, 2025 , 43(12) : 121 -137 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.03.00046

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