洋山港是上海国际航运中心的枢纽港，大量外来货轮的停靠使洋山港成为污损生物入侵的高风险区，同时污损生物的大量附着也将对港口设施造成严重影响。为了解洋山港码头污损生物的多样性现状及演变趋势，2010年5月通过对码头不同潮区污损生物群落的样方采样，分析了洋山港码头的群落结构及多样性现状。洋山港码头共采集到污损生物17种，网纹纹藤壶和僧帽牡蛎为优势种（Y=0.396，0.250）。从高潮区到低潮区，污损生物群落结构明显不同：种类数、密度和生物量基本呈上升趋势，均匀度呈明显下降趋势，而多样性指数则呈先上升后下降趋势。对覆盖率和多样性指标进行回归分析得出，洋山港污损生物覆盖率与多样性指数呈单峰上拱曲线，覆盖率在30%~40%区间内污损生物多样性最高。该结果在Shannon-Wiener、Margalef和Simpson三种多样性指数中均支持中度干扰假说。
Yangshan port is a China's major port and is building into an international shipping center. Docking of foreign vessels puts the Yangshan Port in a high risk of biological invasion. At the same time, the attachment of the fouling organisms in large numbers seriously affects the port facilities. In order to explore the diversity condition and development trend of fouling organisms in Yangshan Port, the community structure and the diversity of fouling organisms were studied by an asystematic scheme of quantitative quadrat sampling in different intertidal areas of Yangshan Port on May 2010. 17 species of fouling organisms were sampled. The dominant species were Amphibalanus reticulates and Ostrea cucullata. Density, biomass, community structure and diversity see significant difference in different intertidal areas. Species richness, density and biomass show an increasing tendency with the rising of the intertidal area. However, the evenness shows a decreasing tendency. The biodiversity index varies in the following manner: middle tidal zone>low tidal zone>high tidal zone. The coverage data of live fouling organisms in Yangshan Island are obtained. It is shown that the highest diversity occurs at the coverage of 30%~40% range of fouling organisms, and this result supports the intermediate disturbance hypothesis in all three diversity indices. Coverage is the basic parameter widely available for most observations or monitoring programs. The good qualitative characteristics of coverage provide a powerful tool for theoretical, experimental and modeling studies of fouling organisms in response to the disturbance.
