在自然界中，微生物的生物膜模式对其生命循环具有十分重要的意义，已成为当前有关微生物学研究的热点之一，对其研究已引起越来越多的科学工作者的兴趣。然而，由于缺乏针对微生物膜结构的复杂性、多变性和相关的生理生化活性的高效的方法使研究工作受到限制。本文结合微生物膜研究的最新进展，介绍了几种研究微生物膜的发生装置以及检测技术，并概述了几种潜在的控制和去除微生物膜的方法。
In nature, the biofilm mode of life is of great importance in the cell cycle for many microorganisms and is one of hotspots in microbiology. However, the progress of studies of biofilm due to the complexity and variability of associated physiological activities requires advanced methods with high throughput. In this paper, principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages of several biofilm growing devices and appropriate methods for biofilm analysis are discussed, together with several potential methods for the control and removal of biofilms. Among the biofilm growing devices, the microtiter-plate is the first that has been used in high-throughput testing of biofilms. But it is not possible to assess the biofilm structure only by microscopy. The Calgary Biofilm Device was applied for that purpose. Another high-throughput biofilm forming device is the BioFilm Ring. For the analysis of the structure of the biofilms, the microscopy plays a key role. Coupled with microscopes, some fluorescent dyes such as DAPI, CTC and SYTO 9/PI are used for the assessment of total cells, physiologically-active cells and membrane compromised cells, respectively. For the analysis of the chemical substances of the biofilms, microprobes are usually used for the detection of DO and pH. EPS and Quorum sensing signal molecules are usually measured by extraction methods. Some new methods have been suggested that may be developed to release bacteria from the surfaces, for instance, antifoulants, hydrolases and NO. These would be alternatives to biocides in the future. Recent advances in high-throughput methods to generate and study biofilms have opened the possibility of starting an omics-''biofomics'' approach to study these complex structures. The ''biofomics'' will reach the application stage in areas such as clinical, industrial and environmental microbiology in the next decades.
