聚酰胺（PA）成核剂可以改善PA的晶粒结构、提高结晶速率、增强机械性能、缩短成型周期。常用的PA成核剂可以分为无机成核剂和有机成核剂。无机成核剂是应用最早的成核剂，主要有黏土类包括高岭土、蒙脱土、黏土和滑石粉等；氧化物类包括纳米SiO2、纳米ZrO2、纳米TiO2、Nd2O3、MgO、ZnO晶须等；无机盐包括纳米CaCO3、CaF2、MgSO4晶须等；无机成核剂简单易得，成本低廉，使用简便，此类成核剂属于异相成核剂，其中纳米SiO2尤其具有良好的成核效果。有机成核剂主要包括酰胺、苯基次膦酸钠、聚碳酸酯、聚苯硫醚、碳纤维等，有机成核剂与PA相容性好，成核效果较好，但价格相对较高。复合成核剂由2种或2种以上不同成核剂复配而成，不同成核剂之间通常具有协同效应，并且兼具性能和成本方面优势。因此，复合成核剂将成为PA成核剂研究的热点，复合方法、复合工艺、改性机制等将成为复合成核剂研究的重点。
Polyamide (PA) nucleating agents are used to improve the crystal structure, increase the crystallization rate, improve the physical-mechanical properties and shorten the forming period. The most common PA nucleating agents can be divided into two groups: inorganic nucleating agents and organic nucleating agents. Inorganic nucleating agents include clay (kaolin, MMT, terra-cotta and TALC etc.), oxide (nano-SiO2, nano-ZrO2, nano-TiO2, Nd2O3, MgO, ZnO crystal whisker etc.), and inorganic salts (nano-CaCO3, CaF2, MgSO4 crystal whisker etc.) , which are the earliest nucleating agents to be used. Inorganic nucleating agents have the advantages of being cheap, easy to obtain and easy to be used and they are heterogeneous in PA, and are not easy to disperse uniformly. Organic nucleating agents include low molecular compounds (such as amide, osphinate etc.) and polymer (polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide, carbon fiber etc.). The organics are easy to disperse in PA and enjoy good performances. Compound nucleating agents possess both the advantages of organic and inorganic nucleating agents. The synergistic effect is obvious with excellent performances. Therefore, the compound nucleating agents have a very promising future, but the nucleating mechanism and application require further studies.
