研究论文

核电厂应急计划区划分中严重事故准则应用方式研究

  • 黄 挺;曲静原
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  • 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京 100084

收稿日期: 2011-01-11

  修回日期: 2011-03-04

  网络出版日期: 2011-03-28

Application Mode of Severe Accidents Criteria to the Partition of Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Planning Zone

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Received date: 2011-01-11

  Revised date: 2011-03-04

  Online published: 2011-03-28

摘要

作为技术准则,核电厂应急计划区的划分需要考虑严重事故序列。在中国相关的国家标准和核安全导则中,提出了对“大多数严重事故序列”和“最严重事故序列”的剂量准则。在实际应用中,对“大多数严重事故序列”和“最严重事故序列”准则的含义存在不同理解。以WASH1400压水堆严重事故PWR1—PWR7的源项数据作为参考,使用MACCS程序对其中的每个源项的后果和全部源项的加权后果进行计算分析,并将这两种不同计算方法的结果对应急计划区大小的影响进行了比较。研究结果表明,严重事故谱后果的加权结果基本反映了单个事故后果的评价结果,并在一定程度上能够反映应急计划代价的考虑,即以严重事故完整事故谱的加权结果作为确定应急计划区大小的技术准则,能够更好地体现风险缓解和代价之间的权衡原则。

本文引用格式

黄 挺;曲静原 . 核电厂应急计划区划分中严重事故准则应用方式研究[J]. 科技导报, 2011 , 29(11-09) : 22 -25 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.09.002

Abstract

As the technical criteria,it is required that the severe accident sequences should be considered in the partition of nuclear power plants Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ). In the relevant national standards and nuclear safety guide rules, the dose criteria involving 'majority severe accident sequences' and 'the severest accident sequences' are proposed. However, in the actual applications of these criteria, there might be some different understanding to the concept of 'majority severe accident sequences' and 'the severest accident sequences'. The source terms of PWR1—PWR7 release categories in WASH1400 are selected as the referenced source terms, and the individual consequence of each source term and the weighted average of these consequences are calculated and analyzed by using MACCS code. Then the impacts of the results of two different calculation approaches on EPZ size are compared with each other. The conclusion shows that the weighted average of the severe accident spectrum consequences can basically reflect the assessment results of each severe accident consequence and the consideration for emergency planning cost to a certain extension. This means that using the weighted average of the severe accident spectrum consequences as the technical criteria for the partition of EPZ can better embody the trade-off principle between the risk mitigation and cost.
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