疏水缔合水溶性聚合物由于其独特的溶液性质，在许多工业领域具有潜在的应用价值。离子型疏水缔合水溶性聚合物由于离子的存在，使此类疏水缔合聚合物不仅具有良好的水溶性和独特的溶液性能，并可实现聚合物性质的多重响应。因此，近年来离子型疏水缔合水溶性聚合物研究受到广泛关注。本文按带电基团与疏水基团的相对位置，将离子型疏水缔合聚合物分为I型（来自于不同单体）和II型（来自于同一单体），并按离子基团的种类分类综述了阴离子型、阳离子型以及两性疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的研究工作现状。结合研究现状提出对离子型疏水缔水溶性聚合物的一些认识，并展望该方向的发展趋势，并提出甜菜碱型两性疏水缔合聚合物将成为今后此领域的研究热点。

Hydrophobically Associating Water-soluble Polymers (HAWPs) had potential applications in many industrial societies due to their special properties. Recently Hydrophobically Associating Poly-Electrolytes (HAPEs) had attracted increasing interests because they possessed high water-solubility and peculiar solution property and realized multi-responsive properties, which all stemmed from their ionic groups. In this paper, HAPEs are classified into Type I (ionic units and hydrophobic groups from different monomers) and Type II (ionic units and hydrophobic groups from the same monomer) according to the relatived position between ionic units and hydrophobic groups and present research state of various kinds of HAPEs, such as anionic HAPEs, cationic HAPEs and amphoteric HAPEs, was reviewed according to the different types of ions. Suggestions and development trends of the research field are put forward in terms of the present situation and betaine HAPEs will become a hot spot of this research field.