简要回顾了世界经济和集成电路产业发展的历史进程，指出“绿色微纳电子”将成为低碳经济社会的重要组成部分。在此基础上，分析了中国集成电路市场、产业及科学技术的现状、面临的挑战和历史机遇，并分别对微纳电子新器件结构、绿色集成电路芯片制造、低功耗集成电路设计的发展趋势进行了阐述，提出“降低功耗，提高性能/功耗比是未来集成电路与系统发展的驱动力”的观点，以及在技术进步、体制改革、人才培养、产业环境等方面对中国集成电路产业发展的目标和举措等建议。

This paper briefly reviews the history of the world economics and the development of integrated circuit industry. It is indicated that "Green Micro-Nanoelectron" will become a significant component of the low-carbon economic society. In this context, this paper analyzes the market of China's integrated circuit, the present status of China's IC industry and IC technology, the opportunity and challenges for the main land of China. This paper also discusses the Micro-Nano new structure device, the green integrated circuit manufacture, the development trend of low-power IC design. It is thought that reducing energy consumption and raising the rate of performance of power consumption are going to be the main driving force for the development of ICs and the systems. Finally some comments are made concerning the development goal of China's IC industry, including the fields of technology progress, institutional reform, talent cultivation and industry environment. This paper is divided into four chapters. (1) Chapter one addresses the neo-industrialization in the mainland of China and reveals the objective laws governing the development of an industrial society. (2) Chapter two shows that China is still in the stage as a leading power of IC consumption. (3) Chapter three describes the development road of the IC industry in the mainland of China. There are five points worth mentioning. Firstly, China is a lake of information industry's core competency. Second point concerns the relationship between IC development and energy consumption. Thirdly, the planning of industrial breakthroughs in China is to give a high priority to the design industry and the innovative design should be based on the system requirements and low power consumption. Fourthly, China should reinforce the manufacturing industrial foundation, raise the technical level, strengthen the serviceability and save energy consumption. Fifthly, China should grasp the historic opportunity in the 2020—2030s and make significant breakthroughs in the IC science and technology. (4) Chapter four illustrates that the institutional reform and the cultural evolution are the essential conditions of the sustainable development for IC industry in particular and the science and technology in general.