羊毛纤维材料初加工普遍采用表面活性剂和无机盐作用的化学方法,此方法需要在较高温度和较强机械作用下进行,耗水耗能大,同时洗毛废水排放到自然界中造成环境污染严重,且纤维材料表面存在化学残留,影响洗净毛纤维的品质,易造成纤维损伤。为解决化学洗毛方法造成的环境污染和化学物质残留,本文研究了生物酶洗毛技术,在原毛表层污物中分离得到一株适于生物酶洗毛的高产脂肪酶菌株,经形态鉴定、16S rDNA菌种鉴定和生理生化指标鉴证,确定为脂肪酶产生鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium sp.)。通过Rhodamine B显色培养基的荧光实验得出H/C值(荧光圈直径H与菌落直径C之比)为2。经酶活力测定,在30℃条件下鞘氨醇杆菌在11h达到产酶高峰(101.67U/mL)。经脂肪酶洗毛实验验证,洗净毛含脂率为1.031%,鞘氨醇杆菌对羊毛生物脱脂有较好的适用性。

Chemical wool scouring method was widely used in the initial processing of the wool fiber material. This method depended on surfactant and inorganic and required high temperature and strong mechanical action. Huge amount of water and energy were consumed, and scouring wastewater was discharged in nature, causing serious environmental pollution. There were chemical residues on the surface of wool fiber, affecting the quality of scoured wool fiber and easily causing damage to fiber. In order to reduce environmental pollution and chemical residues of chemical wool scouring, the enzymatic scouring technology is researched, and the scouring strain that overproduce lipase is selected from the soiled surface of raw wool identified as Sphingobacterium sp. based on morphological, 16S rDNA sequencing, physiological, and biochemical tests. By means of Rhodamine B chromogenic medium fluorescence experiments, the H/C value of Sphingobacterium sp. is 2 (H/C is the ratio of Fluorescent ring diameter to colony diameter), and its enzyme activity could reach at an enzyme-producing peak (101.67U/mL) at 30℃ after 11h incubated. After verification experiment of enzymatic scouring, the greasy rate of enzymatic scoured wool fiber is 1.031%, therefore the lipase-producing strain, that is, Sphingobacterium sp. possesses the good applicability for the enzymatic scouring.