采用钒基催化器的选择性催化还原(SCR)后处理技术是中重型柴油车达到欧IV/V排放水平的主要技术途径。针对钒基催化器应用在柴油机上的优势,钒基催化器的性能优化和钒基催化器与其他后处理装置的集成3方面,综述了钒基催化器在柴油机上的应用进展。针对钒基催化器的优势,重点论述了NO_x转化能力,钒基催化器对THC,CO和PM排放的影响,温室气体排放,抗硫中毒能力和成本优势;针对钒基催化器的性能优化则分别从催化器体积对性能的影响,冷启动性能的优化,以及尿素溶液喷射策略改进和尿素喷雾改善等方面进行论述;对钒基催化器和DOC,DPF的不同布置方式进行了论述,并展望了钒基催化器的应用发展方向。

The vanadium-based Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment technology is the key method for medium and heavy diesel engine to achieve the IV/V European Standard Regulation for Vehicle Pollutant. The researches on the advantages of vanadium-based SCR technology, the performance optimization and integration of the vanadium-typed catalyst with other aftertreatment technology are reviewed. Special attentions are paid to performance of NO_x conversion for the vanadium-based SCR system, the effect of the catalyst on the emission of THC, CO, and PM, the emission of greenhouse gas, the resistance to sulfur poisoning, and cost advantages. Aiming at the catalyst performance optimization, the emphases are given to the effects of catalyst volume, urea solution injection strategies, urea vaporization and distribution on the catalyst performance, as well as performance of the SCR catalyst in the cold start-up of engine. At last, the different layout of vanadium-typed catalyst with other aftertreatment is discussed. In addition, the future development in this field is explored.